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1、InktomiataGlanceCompanyOverviewApplicationsTowardsRobust©“INKT”onNASDAQ©SearchTechnology©Founded1996outofUC©NetworkProductsDistributedSystemsBerkeley©OnlineShopping©~700Employees©WirelessSystemsDr.EricA.BrewerProfessor,UCBerkeleyCo-Founder&ChiefScientist,InktomiPODCKeyno
2、te,July19,2000PODCKeynote,July19,2000OurPerspective“DistributedSystems”don’twork...©Inktomibuildstwo©ThereexistworkingDS:distributedsystems:–Simpleprotocols:DNS,WWW–GlobalSearchEngines–Inktomisearch,ContentDeliveryNetworks–DistributedWebCaches–Napster,Verisign,AOL©Basedo
3、nscalable©ButthesearenotclassicDS:cluster¶llel–Notdistributedobjectscomputingtechnology–NoRPC©Butverylittleuseof–NomodularityclassicDSresearch...–Complexonesaresingleowner(exceptphones)PODCKeynote,July19,2000PODCKeynote,July19,20001ThreeBasicIssuesWhere’sthestate?©Wh
4、ereisthestate?©Consistencyvs.Availability(notalllocationsareequal)©UnderstandingBoundariesPODCKeynote,July19,2000PODCKeynote,July19,2000SantaClaraClusterDeliveringHighAvailabilityWekeptuptheservicethrough:•Veryuniform©Crashes&diskfailures(weekly)•Nomonitors©Databaseupgra
5、des(daily)•Nopeople©Softwareupgrades(weeklytomonthly)•Nocables©OSupgrades(twice)•Workingpower©Poweroutage(several)•WorkingA/C©Networkoutages(nowhave11connections)•WorkingBW©Physicalmoveofallequipment(twice)PODCKeynote,July19,2000PODCKeynote,July19,20002BerkeleyNinjaArchi
6、tecturePersistentStateisHARDBase:Scalable,highly-availableplatformforpersistent-stateservices©ClassicDSfocusonthecomputation,notthedata–thisisWRONG,computationistheeasypartWorkstations&PCs©Datacentersexistforareason–can’thaveconsistencyoravailabilitywithoutthemAPInternet
7、©Otherlocationsareforcachingonly:–proxies,basestations,set-topboxes,desktops–phones,PDAs,…AP©Distributedsystemscan’tignorelocationActiveProxy:Bootstrapsthindevicesdistinctionsintoinfrastructure,runsPDAsCellphones,Pagers,etc.mobilecode(e.g.IBMWorkpad)PODCKeynote,July19,20
8、00ACIDvs.BASE©DBMSresearchisaboutACID(mostly)©Butweforfeit“C”and“I”foravailability,Consistencyvs.Availa
