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1、InternationalJournalofImpactEngineering25(2001)455}472Characterizationofpolymericstructuralfoamsundercompressiveimpactloadingbymeansofenergy-absorptiondiagramM.Avalle,G.Belingardi*,R.MontaniniDipartimentodiMeccanica,PolitecnicodiTorino,C.soDucad
2、egliAbruzzi24,10129Torino,ItalyDipartimentodiIngegneriadeiMateriali,Universita%degliStudidiMessina,SalitaSperone31,98166Sant+AgataMessina,ItalyReceived7February2000;receivedinrevisedform28July2000;accepted23October2000AbstractThemechanicalproperties
3、atroomtemperatureofthreepolymericfoams(namelyEPP,PURandPS/PAfoams)havebeenexperimentallyevaluatedinbothstaticandimpactloadingconditions.Theenergyabsorptioncharacteristicshavebeenexaminedboththroughtheenergy-absorptiondiagrammethodandthroughthee$cienc
4、ydiagrammethod.Themeaningofthee$ciencyparameter,alreadyusedintheliterature,hasbeenexplainedinaproper,satisfactoryway.Itisshownthatthemaximumofthee$ciencyidenti"estheconditionforoptimalenergyabsorptionofthefoam,whilethemaximumstressreachesavaluelimite
5、dthroughotherdesignconsiderations.Thee$ciencydiagrammethodisthenusedtoobtainsyntheticdiagramsusefultocharacterizethematerialandtohelpthedesignofenergyabsorbingcomponents.Thesesyntheticselectiondiagramsareobtainedforthethreetestedmaterials.Finally,som
6、econsiderationaredrawncomparingthemechanicalperformanceofthethreeconsideredtypesoffoamsandtheirdependencyondensity.2001ElsevierScienceLtd.Allrightsreserved.1.IntroductionEnergy-absorbingpolymericfoamsarewidelyusedintheautomotiveindustrytopreventinju
7、riestotheoccupantsintheeventoffrontorsidecollisions.Theuseoffoamedmaterialsresultinasigni"cantimprovementinthepassivesafetyofthevehicle,owingtotheirexcellentenergydissipationproperties.Inaddition,theyhavelowapparentdensityandarerelativelycheap,and*Co
8、rrespondingauthor.Tel.:#39-011-5646937;fax:#39-011-5646999.E-mailaddress:belingardi@polito.it(G.Belingardi).0734-743X/01/$-seefrontmatter2001ElsevierScienceLtd.Allrightsreserved.PII:S0734-743X(00)00060-9456M.Avalleetal./InternationalJournalofImpactE
