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1、Chapter2InferentialismandItsDiscontentsAperennialquestioninconsiderationoflogicconcernswheretherulesoflogiccomefrom?Thisquestionisoverflowingwithsub-questionsregarding,forexample,whatismeantbytherulesoflogic;whetherornotweareconcernedwiththejustificationofrules,orthemean
2、ingfulnessofcertainrules,orboth(theseareoftenruntogether);howdoweunderstandtherelationshipbetweenlogicalrulesandtruth;whatisthenormativeroleoflogicalrules?Inthischapter,IprovideabriefoverviewofinferentialisminSect.2,beforegoingontoidentifyanumberofconcernsfrequentlymad
3、eagainstit.Section3developsthediscussionofthecircularityofjustifyinglogicalrulesthatIoutlinedintheintroduction.Theseproblemsarecompoundedbytheissuesraisedbyparadoxicalconnectivessuchas“tonk”,discussedinSect.4.Onesuggestionmadeintheliteratureistocombinetheinferentialist
4、andreferentialistapproachesina“modest”formofinferentialism,whichwediscussinSect.5,pointingoutthatthisapproachrunsafoulofissuesfacingthefulldeterminationofmeaningintermsofcategoricityandcompositionality.Ifinish,inSect.6bydiscussingamorepromisingresponsethatdoesnotrequire
5、semanticjustificationorrules,butlookstointernalconstraintsonrules,namelythattheyare“harmonious”However,this,itissuggested,isstillproblematicfromthepointofviewofcircularity,and,moreover,italsodoesnotcircumventtheissuesofcategoricityandcompositionality.1Inferentialism(ABr
6、iefOverview)Inferentialismisanapproachtothemeaningofexpressionsthattakestheagents’inferentialactivitytobetheprimarysemanticnotion.Ratherthantakereference,ordenotationsofexpressions,toestablishmeaning,itiscertainrulesofinference(andinferencesthemselves)thatdothisjob.Thi
7、sbelongstoawidertraditioninphilos-ophyoflanguage,perhapsmostclearlyarticulatedintheworkofRobertBrandom(e.g.[1]),whoarguesthatourlanguageuseoughttobeunderstoodintermsofa“gameofgivingandaskingforreasons”(GOGAR)[2].Broadlyspeaking,then,inferentialismisakindofconceptualrol
8、esemantics,inwhichthemeaningofacon-©SpringerInternationalPublishingAG201721J.Trafford,MeaninginDialogue,StudiesinAppl
