General introduction to Britain英国简介

General introduction to Britain英国简介

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时间:2019-07-06

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1、GeneralintroductiontoBritainTheUnitedKingdom,consistingofGreatBritain(England,Wales,andScotland)andNorthernIreland,istwicethesizeofNewYorkState.England,inthesoutheastpartoftheBritishIsles,isseparatedfromScotlandonthenorthbythegraniteCheviotHills;fromthemthePenninechai

2、nofuplandsextendssouththroughthecenterofEngland,reachingitshighestpointintheLakeDistrictinthenorthwest.TothewestalongtheborderofWales—alandofsteephillsandvalleys—aretheCambrianMountains,whiletheCotswolds,arangeofhillsinGloucestershire,extendintothesurroundingshires.Im

3、portantriversflowingintotheNorthSeaaretheThames,Humber,Tees,andTyne.InthewestaretheSevernandWye,whichemptyintotheBristolChannelandarenavigable,asaretheMerseyandRibble.GovernmentTheUnitedKingdomisaconstitutionalmonarchyandparliamentarydemocracy,withaqueenandaparliament

4、thathastwohouses:theHouseofLords,with574lifepeers,92hereditarypeers,and26bishops;andtheHouseofCommons,whichhas651popularlyelectedmembers.Supremelegislativepowerisvestedinparliament,whichsitsforfiveyearsunlessdissolvedsooner.TheHouseofLordswasstrippedofmostofitspowerin

5、1911,andnowitsmainfunctionistoreviselegislation.InNov.1999hundredsofhereditarypeerswereexpelledinanefforttomakethebodymoredemocratic.TheexecutivepoweroftheCrownisexercisedbythecabinet,headedbytheprimeminister.Englandhasexistedasaunifiedentitysincethe10thcentury;theuni

6、onbetweenEnglandandWales,begunin1284withtheStatuteofRhuddlan,wasnotformalizeduntil1536withanActofUnion;inanotherActofUnionin1707,EnglandandScotlandagreedtopermanentlyjoinasGreatBritain;thelegislativeunionofGreatBritainandIrelandwasimplementedin1801,withtheadoptionofth

7、enametheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandIreland;theAnglo-Irishtreatyof1921formalizedapartitionofIreland;sixnorthernIrishcountiesremainedpartoftheUnitedKingdomasNorthernIrelandandthecurrentnameofthecountry,theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland,wasadoptedin1927

8、.HistoryStonehengeandotherexamplesofprehistoriccultureareallthatremainoftheearliestinhabitantsofBritain.Celticpeoplesfollowe

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