history of english英语简史(3)

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1、1.DefinethetermsMetathesis:atranspositionofsoundsorletterswithinaword,suchas:ask→aks,animal→aminalPidgin:a‘pidgin’isanauxiliarylanguage,onethathasnonativespeakers.Itisaspeech-systemthathasbeenformedtoprovideameansofcommunicationbetweenpeoplewhohavenoco

2、mmonlanguage.Creole:apidgnhassurvivedandbeenpassedontothenextgeneration.Amricanism:awordcoinedbyJohnWithersponmeanstypicalAmericanEnglish,whichisdifferentfromthatspokenbyEnglishmen.ThetrendofmodifyingEnglishinanAmericanwaywascalledAmericanism.Phonology

3、:thestudyofthesoundsystemofagivenlanguageandtheanalysisandclassificationofitsphonemes2.WhydidNoahWebsterbelievetheUSAneededitsownkindofEnglish?NoahWebsterbelievedsobecausehethoughtAmericawasanindependentnationandtheirhonorrequiredthemtohavetheirownsyst

4、eminlanguage.Anationallanguagewasabandofnationalunion.TheseparationofoftheAmericantonguefromtheEnglishwasnecessaryandunavoidable.Numerouslocalcause,suchasanewcountry,newassociationsofpeople,newcombinationsofideaswouldproducenewAmericanEnglishdifferentf

5、romitsparents.BritishEnglishwereunsatisfactory.NoahWebsterintendedtointroducealanguagewithuniformityandaccuracyofspellingandpronuciationtothenewcountry.3.FiveexamplesofwordswhichNoahWebstershouldbespelleddifferentlyintheUSAfromhowtheywerespelledintheUK

6、.Writespellingswhichincludeateasttwodifferentkindsofchanges.waggon→wagoncentre→centercolour→colorfibre→fiberdefence→defensetheatre→theatertyre→tiremetre→meterhonour→honoraxe→axprogramme→program4.*StateanyfourcommongrammaticalcharacteristicsofAfricanAme

7、ricanVernacularEnglishandwriteashort,simplesentenceasanexampleofeachone."theminsteadofthose",Objectpronouninsteadofdemonstrativepronounbein’insteadof“tobe”Dropmanyauxiliaryverbs:"whereyoucomefrom?"Whatyoudoin'?doublenegation"Iain'tgotnomoney,man!"no“s”

8、endinginthirdpersonsingularverb:"Heplaygood,man!"Copulaisoftendropped"Youcrazy,man""Whereyouat?"5.Stateanyfourcommonphonological(pronunciation)characteristicsofAfricanAmericanVernacularEnglishandgiveasanexampleofeachone.θatthebeginingof