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1、TheHistoryofEnglishinTenMinutes.Chapter1.Anglo-SaxonorwhateverhappenedtotheJutes.十分钟了解英语历史。第一章,盎格鲁撒克逊人或曰朱特人发生什么了。1盎格鲁撒克逊人TheEnglishlanguagebeginswiththephrase‘UpYoursCaesar!’astheRomansleaveBritainandalotofGermanictribesstartedfloodingin,tribessuchastheAnglesandtheSaxons–whotogethergaveustheter
2、mAnglo-Saxon,andtheJutes–whodidn’t.当罗马人离开英国,大量日耳曼部落开始涌入,包括盎格鲁人和撒克逊人(他们留下了“盎格鲁撒克逊”这个称呼),以及朱特人(没有留下什么痕迹),从此英语中有了这样的短语:“去你的凯撒!”TheRomansleftsomeverystraightroadsbehind,butnotmuchoftheirLatinlanguage.TheAnglo-Saxonvocalwasmuchmoreusefulasitwasmainlywordsforsimpleeverydaythingslike‘house’,‘woman’,‘l
3、oaf’and‘werewolf’.罗马人留下了一些笔直的道路,但没留下多少拉丁语。盎格鲁撒克逊的语汇更有用,因为主要是关于日常生活的词,比如“房子”,“女人”,“面包”和“狼人”。Fourofourdaysoftheweek-Tuesday,Wednesday,ThursdayandFridaywerenamedinhonourofAnglo-Saxongods,buttheydidn’tbotherwithSaturday,SundayandMondayastheyhadallgoneoffforalongweekend.一周的四天——周二,周三,周四和周五的命名都是为了纪念盎格
4、鲁撒克逊的神明。但是周六,周日和周一并没受到影响,因为人们都出发去度过漫长的周末了。Whiletheywereaway,ChristianmissionariesstoleinbringingwiththemleafletsaboutjumblesalesandmoreLatin.Christianitywasahitwiththelocalsandmadethemmuchhappiertotakeonfunkynewwordslike‘martyr’,‘bishop’and‘font’.当他们离开的时候,基督教传教士溜了进来,随身带来了义卖传单和更多的拉丁语。基督教在当地轰动一时,
5、让他们乐于接受时髦的新词,比如“殉道者”,“主教”和“洗礼盆”。AlongcametheVikings,withtheiraction-manwordslike‘drag’,‘ransack’,‘thrust’and‘die’.Theymayhaverapedandpillagedbuttheywerealsointo‘give’and‘take’–twoofaround2000wordsthattheygaveEnglish,aswellasthephrase‘watchoutforthatmanwiththeenormousaxe.’同时到来的还有北欧海盗,以及他们雷厉风行的词汇
6、,比如“拖”,“掠夺”,“刺”,“死亡”。他们可能奸淫掳掠过,但他们同样热衷于“给予”和“索取”——这是他们带到英语中的约2000个词汇中的2个。他们带来的还有这个习语:“小心挥舞着巨大斧头的人!”第二章,诺曼人入侵或曰原谅我的英语1066. True to his name, William the Conqueror invades England, bringing new concepts fromacross the channel, like the French language, the Doomsday Book and the duty-free Galois's
7、multipack.French was "de rigueur" for all official business, with words like "judge","jury","evidence" and "justice" coming in and giving John Grisham's career a kick-start. Latin was stillused "ad nauseam" in church, but the comm