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1、PERGAMONCarbon39(2001)279±285ReviewElectromagneticinterferenceshieldingeffectivenessofcarbonmaterialsD.D.L.Chung*CompositeMaterialsResearchLaboratory,StateUniversityofNewYorkatBuffalo,Buffalo,NY14260-4400,USAReceived23March2000;accepted22July2000AbstractCarbonmaterialsforelec
2、tromagneticinterference(EMI)shieldingarereviewed.Theyincludecompositematerials,colloidalgraphiteand¯exiblegraphite.Carbon®lamentsofsubmicrondiameterareeffectiveforuseincompositematerials,especiallyafterelectroplatingwithnickel.FlexiblegraphiteisattractiveforEMIgaskets.Ó2001El
3、sevierScienceLtd.Allrightsreserved.Keywords:A.Carboncomposites,Carbon®bers,Carbon®laments,Exfoliatedgraphite;D.Electricalproperties1.Introductionincludingnon-structuralandstructuralcomposites,colloi-dalgraphite,aswellasEMIgasketmaterials.Electromagneticinterference(EMI)shield
4、ingreferstothere¯ectionand/oradsorptionofelectromagneticradia-tionbyamaterial,whichtherebyactsasashieldagainst2.Mechanismsofshieldingthepenetrationoftheradiationthroughtheshield.Aselectromagneticradiation,particularlythatathighfre-TheprimarymechanismofEMIshieldingisusuallyque
5、ncies(e.g.radiowaves,suchasthoseemanatingfromre¯ection.Forre¯ectionoftheradiationbytheshield,thecellularphones)tendtointerferewithelectronics(e.g.shieldmusthavemobilechargecarriers(electronsorcomputers),EMIshieldingofbothelectronicsandradia-holes)whichinteractwiththeelectroma
6、gnetic®eldsinthetionsourceisneededandisincreasinglyrequiredbyradiation.Asaresult,theshieldtendstobeelectricallygovernmentsaroundtheworld.TheimportanceofEMIconducting,althoughahighconductivityisnotrequired.shieldingrelatestothehighdemandoftoday'ssocietyonForexample,avolumeresi
7、stivityoftheorderof1Vcmisthereliabilityofelectronicsandtherapidgrowthofradiotypicallysuf®cient.However,electricalconductivityisnotfrequencyradiationsources[1±9].thescienti®ccriterionforshielding,asconductionrequiresEMIshieldingistobedistinguishedfrommagneticconnectivityinthec
8、onductionpath(percolationincaseofshielding,whichreferstotheshielding
