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1、StudyQuestions&EssayTopicssomequestionsinclosereading→StudyQuestions1.Defoehashisheropracticetwodifferenttypesofwritinginthenovel.OnetypeisthejournalthatCrusoekeepsforafewchaptersuntilhisinkrunsout.Theotheristhefullertypeofstorytellingthatmakesupthebulkofthenovel.Botharein
2、thefirst-personvoice,buttheyproducedifferenteffects.WhydoesDefoeincludebothtypes?Whatdoesacomparisonbetweenthemtellusabouttheoverallpurposeofthenovel?Withhisinterestinpracticaldetails,Crusoenaturallygravitatestowardthejournalasaformofwriting.Hisideaofjournalkeepingfollowst
3、heexampleofacaptain’slogbookratherthanapersonaldiary:itisobjectiveandfactual,sometimestediouslyso,ratherthanemotionalorself-reflective.ButDefoecouldnotsustainthewholenovelasajournal,sincemuchofthemoralmeaningofthestoryemergesonlyretrospectively.Havingsurvivedhisordeal,Crus
4、oecannowwritehisstoryfromtheperspectiveofonerememberingpastmistakesandjudgingpastbehavior.Theday-by-dayformatofthejournalisfocusedonthepresentratherthanthepast,anditmakesthiskindofretrospectiondifficult.Themoraldimensionofthenovelcanbestbeemphasizedthroughafullautobiograph
5、icalnarrative,withCrusoelookingbackuponearlierstagesoflifeandevaluatingthem.2.Crusoeexpressesverylittleappreciationofbeautyinthenovel.Hedescribesthevalleywherehebuildshisboweraspleasant,recognizesthatsomeofhisearlyattemptsatpotterymakingareunattractive,andacknowledgesthatF
6、ridayisgood-looking.Butoverall,heshowslittleinterestinaesthetics.IsthislackofinterestinbeautyanimportantaspectofthecharacterofCrusoe,orofthenovel?AmarkedindifferencetobeautyisindeedanimportantfeaturebothofCrusoeandofthenovel.NotonlydoesCrusoedevotelittleattentiontothevisua
7、lattractionsofhisCaribbeanlandscape,buthealsohashardlyanyinterestinmoreabstractformsofbeauty,suchasbeautyofcharacterorofexperience.Beautifulideaslikeheroismormoralexcellence,forexample,rarelyenterhishead.Moreover,sinceCrusoeisinmanywaysastand-infortheauthor,wecansaythatDef
8、oetooseemsresistanttoaesthetics.Thislackofattentiontoaestheticsisinlargeparthisrevolution
