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2、/Kundera,%20Milan%20-%20The%20Unbearable%20Lightness%20Of%20Being.htmMILANKUNDERATheUnbearableLightnessofBeingTranslatedfromtheCzechbyMichaelHenryHeimPARTONELightnessandWeightPARTTWOSoulandBodyPARTTHREEWordsMisunderstoodPARTFOURSoulandBodyPARTFIVELightnessandWeightPARTSIXTheGrandMa
3、rchPARTSEVENKarenin'sSmilePARTONELightnessandWeight1Theideaofeternalreturnisamysteriousone,andNietzschehasoftenperplexedotherphilosopherswithit:tothinkthateverythingrecursasweonceexperiencedit,andthattherecur•renceitselfrecursadinfinitum!Whatdoesthismadmythsignify?Puttingitnegatively,themyth
4、ofeternalreturnstatesthatalifewhichdisappearsonceandforfile:///E
5、/Kundera,%20Milan%20-%20The%20Unbearable%20Lightness%20Of%20Being.htm(1of192)2004-10-239:15:10file:///E
6、/Kundera,%20Milan%20-%20The%20Unbearable%20Lightness%20Of%20Being.htmall,whichdoesnotreturn,islikeashadow,withoutweight,dea
7、dinadvance,andwhetheritwashorrible,beautiful,orsublime,itshorror,sublimity,andbeautymeannothing.WeneedtakenomorenoteofitthanofawarbetweentwoAfricankingdomsinthefourteenthcentury,awarthatalterednothinginthedestinyoftheworld,evenifahundredthousandblacksperishedinexcruciatingtorment.Willthewarb
8、etweentwoAfricankingdomsinthefour•teenthcenturyitselfbealteredifitrecursagainandagain,ineternalreturn?Itwill:itwillbecomeasolidmass,permanentlyprotuber•ant,itsinanityirreparable.IftheFrenchRevolutionweretorecureternally,FrenchhistorianswouldbelessproudofRobespierre.Butbecausetheydealwithsome
9、thingthatwillnotreturn,thebloodyyearsoftheRevolutionhaveturnedintomerewords,theories,anddiscus•sions,havebecomelighterthanfeathers,frighteningnoone.ThereisaninfinitedifferencebetweenaRobespierrewhooc•cursonlyonceinhistoryandaRobespierrewhoeternallyre•turns,choppingoffFrenchheads.Letustherefo
10、reagreethattheideaofeternalreturnim•pliesaperspectivefromwhichthingsappearotherthanasweknowthem:theyappearwithoutthemitigatingcircumstanceoftheirtransitorynature.Thismitigatingcircumstancepreventsusfromcomingtoaverdict.Forhowcanwecondemnsome•thingt
