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1、TOWARDAPHILOSOPHYOFHISTORYBooksbyJoseOrtegayCasselTOWARDAPHILOSOPHYOFHISTORYINVERTEBRATESPAINTHEREVOLTOFTIlEMASSESTHEMODEl{;'-iTHEMEJOSEORTEGAYGASSETTOWARDAPHILOSOPHYOFHISTORYw.W.NORTON&COMPANY·INC·NtwYorkCopyright,1941,byW.W.NORTON&COMPANY,INC.70FifthAvenue,NewYork,N.Y
2、.FirstEditionPRI),;,T£DINTHEUNITEDSTATESOFAMERICAFORTHEPUBLIsIlCltSBYTIlEVAIL·BALLOUPHESS,INC.CONTENTSTRANSLATOR'SFOREWORDVBAUTJIOH'SFOREWORDIX1THESPOHTI'EOHIGI:'-iOFTill:STATE132e:"OITYA:DDIVERSITYOFEUROPE43::h~THETECII,ICIAX874HISTOUYASASYSTEM:165TUEARGENTI~ESTATEA
3、NDTHEARGE~TINEA~237vTRANSLATOR'SFOREWORDRANSLATORshouldstaybackstagewherehebe•A]ong~.Ifinthiscaseheappearsonthescene,itistorenderthanks.MoreJeeplythanword.,canexpressIfeelindebtedtoMrs.Norton,"lIohassmoothedandshapedthistransla•tion"itllthatcarefulpatienceandfelicitousi
4、ngenuitysowellknownfromller0,ork.IacknowledgewiththanksthecourtesyoftheClaren•donPress,Oxford,andofProfessorWilliamC.Atkinson,whichmadeitpos::;ibletoincludeinthisvolumeProfessorAtkin~on'stranslationof'·HistoryasaSystem."Iamaboobligt'dtol'IissEleanorClarkforpermittin
5、gmetolisehertranslationof"UnityandDiversityofL"'rJurope."HELENEWEYLPrinceton,Nt'wJerseyDecember,1910AUTHOR'SFOREWORDSHOULDhavelikedtopresenttoAmericanreaderstheIyieldofmyendeavorsduringtheselasttenyears;butmylasttenyearshavenotbeenfavorabletoamanu•scribe'stranquiloccupa
6、tion.Spain'smisfortunes,myownratherinvoluntaryperegrinations,sicknessesofthekindthathaveusplaypokersinglehandedwithdeathitselfhavepreventedmefromroofingoverthetwostructuresonwhich,forthefirsttimeinmylife,Ihavebeenworkingwithsteadfastnessandwithoutimprovisation.Meanwhile
7、thepublisherexertsonmehisenergeticaswellasgentleinfluence-energeticfromthedeterminationwithwhichheasksforanewbookofmine,gentlefromhisownchar•acterprevailingoverhisenergy.Thereadermustthereforeapproachthisvolumewithunwontedgoodwill.Exceptfor"HistoryasaSystem,"theessaysit
8、containsareeitherauniversitycourse{"MantheTechllician"},orpageswhichhavebeenwritteninmycountry'sdifficulttimes