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1、FILENAME:royalwrd.docDIRECTORY:kermit98LASTCORRECTED:Oct.22,1999FIRSTDRAFT:NOTFORQUOTATIONTheFutureofPhilosophy(ArticleforthemilleniumproceedingsoftheRoyalSociety)byJohnR.SearleBecausethisarticleisintendedforapredominantlyscientificaudience,Iwillbeginbyexplainingsomeofthesimilarities
2、anddifferencesbetweenscienceandphilosophy.Thereisnosharpdividinglinebetweenthetwo.Both,inprinciple,areuniversalinsubjectmatter,andbothaimatthetruth.However,thoughthereisnosharpdividingline,thereareimportantdifferencesinmethod,styleandpresuppositions.Philosophicalproblemstendtohavethr
3、eerelatedfeaturesthatscientificproblemsdonothave.First,philosophyisinlargepartconcernedwithquestionsthatwehavenotyetfoundasatisfactoryandsystematicwaytoanswer.Second,philosophicalquestionstendtobewhatIwillcall"framework"questions;thatistheytendtodealwithlargeframeworksofphenomena,rat
4、herthanwithspecificindividualquestions.Andthird,philosophicalquestionsaretypicallyaboutconceptualissues;theyareoftenquestionsaboutourconceptsandtherelationbetweenourconceptsandtheworldtheyrepresent.Thesedifferenceswillbecomeclearerifweconsideractualexamples:Thequestion"Whatisthecause
5、ofcancer?"isascientific,andnotaphilosophicalquestion.Thequestion"Whatisthenatureofcausation?"isaphilosophicalandnotascientificquestion.Similarlythequestion"Howmanyneurotransmittersarethere?"isascientificandnotaphilosophicalquestion;butthequestion"Whatistherelationshipbetweenmindandbo
6、dy?"isstill,inlargepart,aphilosophicalquestion.Ineachcasethephilosophicalquestionsarenotsettleablebythesimpleapplicationofeitherexperimentalormathematicalmethods,theyareaboutlargeframeworks,andtheyinvolveconceptualissues.Sometimesmajorscientificadvancesarecontributionstobothsciencean
7、dphilosophybecausetheyinvolvechangesinframeworksandRoyalwrd.doc2LastcorrectedOct22,1999revisionofconcepts.Einstein'srelativitytheoryisanobvioustwentiethcenturyexample.Becausephilosophydealswithframeworkquestionsandwithquestionsthatwedonotknowhowtoanswersystematically,ittendstostandin
8、apeculiarrel
