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1、RealismwithaHumanFaceHilaryPutnamEditedbyJamesConantHarvardUniversityPressCambridge,Massachusetts,andLondon,EnglandBepatienttowardallthatisunsolvedinyourheartandtrytolovethequestionsthemselveslikelockedroomsandlikebooksthatarewritteninaveryforeigntongue...Livethequestionsnow.Perhap
2、syouwillthengrad•ually,withoutnoticingit,livealongsomedistantdayintotheanswer.-RainerMariaRilke,LetterstoaYoungPoetLetusbehuman.-LudwigWittgenstein,CultureandValueCopyright©1990bythePresidentandFellowsofHarvardCollegeAllrightsreservedPrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica10987654FirstHa
3、rvardUniversityPresspaperbackedition,1992LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataPutnam,Hilary.Realismwithahumanface/HilaryPutnam;editedbyJamesConant.p.ern.ISBN0-674-74945-6(paper)-l.Realism.2.Metaphysics.3.Ethics.4.Aesthetics.5.Philosophy,American.I.Conant,James.II.Title.B83
4、5.P87199089-78131149'.2-dc20CIPPrefaceTheessaysthatJamesConanthasselectedforthisvolumerepresentacentralpartofthethinkingIhavebeendoingsinceIdrewmynowwell-known(somewouldsay"notorious")distinctionbetweentwokindsofrealism("metaphysical"and"internal")inapresidentialaddresstotheAmerica
5、nPhilosophicalAssociationin1976.AlthoughtheydonotinanysenserepresentagivingupofthepositionIcalled"internalrealism,"IhavechosentoemphasizeasomewhatdifferentaspectofthatpositionthantheoneIemphasizedinReason,Truth,andHistory.InReason,Truth,andHistoryIwasprimarilyconcernedtopresent.aco
6、nceptionoftruthalternativetoboththeclassicalmetaphysicalrealistconception(truthascorrespondenceto"mindindependentobjects")andtorelativist/positivistviews.(Myreasonsfortreatingrelativismandpositivismastwosidesofasinglecoinarediscussedin"WhyIsaPhilosopher,"Chapter7ofthepresentvolume.
7、)Accord•ingtomyconception,toclaimofanystatementthatitistrue,thatis,thatitistrueinitsplace,initscontext,initsconceptualscheme,is,roughly,toclaimthatitcouldbejustifiedwereepistemiccondi•tionsgoodenough.Ifweallowourselvesthefictionof"ideal"epis•temicconditions(asoneallowsoneselfthefic
8、tionoffrictionlessplanesin
