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1、RENEWINGPHILOSOPHYHILARYPUTNAMRenewingPhilosophyRENEWINGPHILOSOPHYHilaryPutnamHarvardUniversityPressCambridge,MassachusettsLondon,EnglandCopyright©1992bythePresidentandFellowsofHarvardCollegeMlrightsreservedPrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmericaThisbookhasbeendigitallyreprinted.Thec
2、ontentremainsidenticaltothatofpreviousprintings.LibraryofCongressCatahging-in-PublicationDataPutnam,Hilary.Renewingphilosophy/HilaryPutnam,p.cm.Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.ISBN0-674-76093-X(alfe.paper)(cloth)ISBN0-674-76094-8(pbk.)1.Philosophy.2.Philosophyandscien
3、ce.I.Title.B29.P881992100—dc2Q92-10854CIPForErika,Samuel,Joshua,andPolly(Max)ContentsPrefaceix1.TheProjectofArtificialIntelligence12.DoesEvolutionExplainRepresentation?193.ATheoryofReference354.MaterialismandRelativism605.BernardWilliamsandtheAbsoluteConceptionoftheWorld806.Irr
4、ealismandDeconstruction1087.WittgensteinonReligiousBelief1348.WittgensteinonReferenceandRelativism1589.AReconsiderationofDeweyanDemocracy180Notes203Index227viiPrefaceThepresentbookgrewoutoftheGiffordLectures,whichIdeliveredattheUniversityofSt.AndrewsintheFallof1990,and,withonee
5、xception,itschaptersarequiteclosetothelecturesasgiven.(Chapter5hasbeenverysubstantiallyrewritten.Inaddition,therewasanopeninglectureinwhich,perhapsperversely,Ichosetodealwiththepresentsituationinquantummechanicsanditsphilosophicalsignificance,whichIdecideddidnotreallybelongwith
6、theothers.)Atfirstblush,thetopicswithwhichthelecturesdealtmayseemtohavelittlerelationtooneanother:Ispokeofreferenceandrealismandreligionandevenofthefoundationsofdemocraticpolitics.Yetmychoiceofthesetopicswasnotanarbitraryone.Iwasguided,ofcourse,bymyownpastareasofconcern,sinceit
7、wouldhavebeenfoolishtolectureontopicsonwhichIhadnotdoneseriousthinkingandwritinginthepast,butbeyondthatIwasguidedbyaconvictionthatthepresentsituationinphilosophyisonethatcallsforarevitalization,arenewal,ofthesubject.Thusthisbook,inadditiontoaddressingseveraltopicsindividually,o
8、ffersadiagnosisofthepresentsituationinphilosophyasawho
