Organic matter in the soils of Europe

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1、IJOINTRESEARCHICENTREInstituteforEnvironmentondEUROPEANCOMMISSIONSustamabiliry2001EUR20556ENOrganicMatterinthesoilsofEurope:PresentstatusandfuturetrendsEzioRusco,RobertJones&G.BidoglioEuropeanSoilBureauSoilandWasteUnitInstituteforEnvironmentandSustainabilityJRCIspraIJ

2、OINTRESEARCHAfi4ICENTREEnvironmentandSustainabilityEUROPEANCOMMISSION2001EUR20556ENLEGALNOTICENeithertheEuropeanCommissionnoranypersonactingonbehalfoftheCommissionisresponsiblefortheusewhichmightbemadeofthefollowinginformation.AgreatdealofadditionalinformationontheEur

3、opeanUnionisavailableontheInternet.ItcanbeaccessedthroughtheEuropaserver(http://europa.eu.int)EUR20556EN©EuropeanCommunities,2003ReproductionisauthorisedprovidedthesourceisacknowledgedPrintedinItalyEUROPEANCOMMISSIONDIRECTORATEGENERALJRCn«™„l..ma»e,inthoJOINTRESEARCHC

4、ENTREOrganicmatterintheInstituteforEnvironmentandSustainabilitySoilsof^uro9eEuropeanSoilBureauContentsContents1Abstract31Introduction31.1Effectofcultivation52OrganicMatterContentinEuropeanSoils.62.1StudiesatEuropeanLevel72.2SoilorganicmatterinsouthernEurope82.3Studies

5、atnationallevel92.3.1OrganiccarbonstocksinItaly102.3.2OrganiccarbonlevelsinUKsoils102.3.3OrganiccarbonstocksinFrance113EvolutionandtendenciesinOrganicMattercontent114ConclusionsandRecommendations125References13AbstractTheneedforaccurateinformationontheorganicmatter(OM

6、)contentinsoilsatEuropean,NationalorRegionallevelhasbeenincreasingsteadilyoverthepastfewyears.Thisisaresultofincreasingconcernaboutenvironmentalproblemssuchassoildegradation,desertification(CEC,1992;UNEP,1991),erosionand,attheworldwidelevel,theimpactofclimatechange.Th

7、ereissomeevidencetosuggestthattheOMcontentofsoilsinEuropeisdecreasing,insomecasesatanalarmingrate,andyetOMisvitaltosustainmanysoilfunctions.Forexample,adeclineinOMcontentisaccompaniedbyadecreaseinfertilityandlossofstructurethattogetherexacerbateoverallsoildegradation.

8、TherearemanyfactorsresponsibleforthedeclineinsoilOMandmanyofthemstemfromhumanactivity,forexample:>Conversionofgrassland,fore