职场健康心理学Occupationalhealthpsychology(OHP)

职场健康心理学Occupationalhealthpsychology(OHP)

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时间:2019-07-01

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1、職場健康心理學Occupationalhealthpsychology(OHP)Costofjobstress△Stress-relatedorganizationalcosts:50%ofabsenteeism40%ofturnover5%ofreducedproductivity($300billioninUS)(Matteson&Ivancevich,1987)△Stress-relatednationalcosts:12%ofGNP(US),10%ofGNP(UK)(Quicketal.,1990;Cartwr

2、ight&Cooper,1996)△Stress-relatedlifecosts:137individualsdieofwork-relateddiseaseeveryday.16dieofinjuriessustainedatworkeverdayAworkerbecomesinjuredevery5secondsAworkerbecomestemporarilyorpermanentlydisabledevery10seconds誰是受害者?Workingpopulation60%-70%ofadultmalep

3、opulation30-60%ofadultfemalepopulation23%ofthepopulationofchildrenandadolescentswhoare5to17yearsoldNonworkingpopulation工作成了風險Notabletoexerciseregularly(72.2%)Putonweight(69.2%)Becomeill(58.7%)Harmmarriage/loverelation(48.8%)Long-termhealthcondition(36.6%)Smokeor

4、drink(32.9%)Notfindinglove(18.4%)(Cummings,2001)職場健康的醫學模式職業傷害=任何因工作而產生的傷害職業疾病=anyabnormalconditionordisorder,causedbyexposuretofactorsassociatedwithemployment(DOL,2001)Medicalmodel:沒有職業傷害和疾病就是健康職場健康的再定義WHOmodel:Astateofcompletephysical,mentalandsocialwell-beinga

5、ndnotmerelytheabsenceofdiseaseorinfirmity.OHP=theapplicationofpsychologytoprotectandpromotethesafety,health,andwellbeingofworkersandtoimprovethequalityofworklife(AmericanPsychologicalAssociation,1998).OHP的終極目標健康的職場(Healthyworkplace)發揮潛能(usetalents)卓越績效(highperfo

6、rmance)工作滿足(highsatisfaction)幸福人生(well-being)OHP與其他心理學領域OHPIOClinicalDevelopmentalSocial/HealthPerceptionCognitiveOHP與其他專業HealthandSafetyOHPIndustrialHygieneMedicine/NursingEpidemiologyErgonomicsManagementOHP與工商心理學OHPRecruitmentSelectionPlacementTrainingJobanaly

7、sisPerformanceevaluationLeadershipJobstressCopingJobdesignSocializationAssessmentTeamMotivationOHP與諮商/臨床心理學OHPVocationalGuidanceCareerCounselingEmployeeAssistanceIndividual/familycounselingStressManagement職場健康的相關因子組織層面組織氣氛(Climate)組織支持(Support)領導統御(Leadership)工作

8、壓力(Stressors)組織精簡(Downsizing)技術設備(Technology)公平正義(Equity)組織制度(Policies)個人層面−工作/家庭衝突(W/Fconflict)身體狀況(Physicalcharacteristics)心理特徵(Psychologicalcharacteristics)個人價值(Va

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