《IPv6技术讲座》PPT课件

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1、IPv6技术讲座滕小玲teng@pku.edu.cn北京大学计算中心10/7/20211主要内容为什么使用IPv6IPv6主要特性IPv6报头IPv6地址IPv6的发展历程10/7/20212为什么使用IPv6TheCaseforIPv6IPv4所面临的问题IPv4的地址严重匮乏路由表急剧膨胀网络安全暂时的解决方法NATCIDR10/7/20213IPv6主要特性LargerAddressSpace128位Aggregation-basedaddresshierarchyEfficientbackboneroutingEfficientandExten

2、sibleIPdatagramNofragmentationbyrouters64bitsfieldalignementSimplerbasicheaderAutoconfigurationSecurityIPRenumberingpartoftheprotocol10/7/20214IPv6报头10/7/20215IPv6报头Version(4bits)6forIPv6TrafficClass(8bits)~TOSinIPv4identifyclassesandpriorities(diffserv)FlowLabel(20bits)PayloadL

3、ength(16bits)NextHeader(8bits)ExtensibleheaderstructureHopLimit(8bits)~TTLinIPv410/7/20216IPv6地址类型RFC2373可聚集全球地址（AggregateableGlobalUnicastAddresses）0011/8totalspace链路本地地址（Link-LocalUnicastAddresses）11111110101/1024totalspace节点本地地址（Site-LocalUnicastAddresses）11111110111/1024tota

4、lspace多点传送地址（MulticastAddresses）111111111/256totalspace10/7/20217IPv6地址UnicastaddressesLink-LocalFE80::/10automaticallyconfiguredwithinterfaceidusedforneighborandrouterdiscoveryAggregateableGlobal2000::/310/7/20218IPv6地址MulticastAddressesRFC2375IPv6MulticastAddressAssignmentFF00

5、::/8FFfs::/16f:flag0:permanent;1:notpermanents:scope1:node2:link5:site8:organizationE:globalFF02::1allnodesonthelocalnetworkFF02::2allroutersonthelocalnetwork10/7/20219IPv6地址AnycastAddressesRFC2526ReservedIPv6SubnetAnycastAddressesAdvantagesofanycastroutingoptimizationserverlo

6、adAnycastaddressstyle10/7/202110IPv6地址表示Formatisx:x:x:x:x:x:x:xxisa16bithexadecimalfieldFEDC:BA98:7654:3210:FEDC:BA98:7654:3210Leadingzerosinafieldareoptional::canbeusedtorepresentmultiplegroupsof16bitsofzero::canonlybeusedonceinanaddressFF01:0:0:0:0:0:0:101=FF01::1010:0:0:0:0:0

7、:0:1=::10:0:0:0:0:0:0:0=::10/7/202111IPv6地址表示LoopbackAddresses::1Like127.0.0.1inIPv4AutomaticIPv6OverIPv4Tunnel::IPv4CompatibleAddresses::FFFF:forIPv4-onlynodes10/7/202112IPv6地址表示RFC2732:PreferredFormatforLiteralIPv6AddressesinURLhttp://[1080::8:800:200

8、C:417A]:80/index.html10/7/202113IPv6地址RequiredN