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1、BEYONDPOSITIVISMANDRELATIVISMTheory,Method,andEvidenceLARRYLAUDANWestviewPressADivisionofHarperCollinsPublishers-iii-Allrightsreserved.PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronicormechanical,includingp
2、hotocopy,recording,oranyinformationstorageandretrievalsystem,withoutpermissioninwritingfromthepublisher.Copyright©1996byWestviewPress,Inc.,ADivisionofHarperCollinsPublishers,Inc.Publishedin1996intheUnitedStatesofAmericabyWestviewPress,Inc.,5500CentralAvenue,Boulder,Colorado8
3、0301-2877,andintheUnitedKingdombyWestviewPress,12Hid'sCopseRoad,CumnorHill,OxfordOX29JJLibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataLaudan,Larry.Beyondpositivismandrelativism:theory,method,andevidence/LarryLaudan.p.cm.Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.ISBN0-8133-246
4、8-8--ISBN0-8133-2469-6(pbk.)1.Science--Methodology.2.Science--Philosophy.3.Positivism.I.Title.Q175.L29381996501--dc2095-40997CIPThepaperusedinthispublicationmeetstherequirementsoftheAmericanNationalStandardforPermanenceofPaperforPrintedLibraryMaterialsZ39.48-1984.10987654321
5、-iv-file:///E
6、/...eneral/Larry%20Laudan%20-%20Beyond%20Positivism%20and%20Relativism%20Theory,%20Method,%20and%20Evidence.htm[08.03.201116:38:48]ContentsPrefaceixPartOneIntroduction1"TheSinsoftheFathers...":PositivistOriginsofPostpositivistRelativisms31.TranslationandtheLing
7、uisticTurn,62.TheThesisofMethodologicalSubjectivity,143.TheMystiqueoftheAlgorithm,174.TheUnderdeterminationThesis,195.TheCumulativity/ProgressThesis,216.TheDemarcationDebacle,23Conclusion,24PartTwoTheoryandEvidence2DemystifyingUnderdetermination29Introduction,29VintageVersio
8、nsofUnderdetermination,31AmpliativeUnderdetermination,43Underdeterminationandthe"SociologizingofEpistemology,"50Conclusion,53Appendix,543EmpiricalEquivalenceandUnderdetermination,withJarrettLeplin55Introduction,551.ProblemswithEmpiricalEquivalence,562.Underdetermination,633.
9、FormalConstraintsonEpistemology,69-v-PartThreeMethodsandProgress4AProblem-S
