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1、—CHAPTER5Empiricism,Sensationalism,andPositivismDescarteswassoinfluentialthatmostofthephiloso-andwithsomeoftheRenaissancehumanists,suchasphiesthatdevelopedafterhimwerereactionstoErasmus(seechapter4).someaspectofhisphilosophy.ThemajorreactionsAfterDescartes,andtoalargeextentbecauseofwereconcentratedi
2、nseveralregionsofEurope.Thehim,theancientphilosophiesofempiricism,ratio-BritishandtheFrenchphilosophersdeniedDes-nalism,andromanticismwerepresentedmorecartes’scontentionthatsomeideasareinnate,sayingclearlyandingreaterdetailthantheyhadeverbeeninsteadthatallideasarederivedfromexperience.before.Itwasf
3、romthemodernmanifestationsofThesephilosophersattemptedtoexplainthefunc-thesephilosophiesthatpsychologyasweknowitto-tioningofthemindasNewtonhadexplainedthedayemerged.InthischapterwefocusonBritishem-functioningoftheuniverse.Thatis,theysoughtapiricismandFrenchsensationalism.Wewillreviewfewprinciples,o
4、rlaws,thatcouldaccountforallhu-Germanrationalisminchapter6andromanticisminmancognitiveexperience.chapter7.TheGermanphilosophersmadeanactivemindcentraltotheirconceptionofhumannature.Ingen-BritishEmpiricismeral,theypostulatedamindthatcoulddiscoverandunderstandtheabstractprinciplesthatconstituteul-Ane
5、mpiricistisanyonewhobelievesthatknowl-timatereality.Insteadofenvisioningamindthatedgeisderivedfromexperience.Theimportanceofsimplyrecordedandstoredsensoryexperiences,theyexperienceisusuallystressedinsteadofinnateideas,sawthemindasactivelytransformingsensoryinfor-whicharesupposedtoemergeindependentl
6、yofex-mation,therebygivingthatinformationmeaningitperience.Empiricism,then,isaphilosophythatotherwisewouldnothave.FortheseGermanratio-stressestheimportanceofexperienceintheattain-nalists,knowingtheoperationsofthisactivemindmentofknowledge.Thetermexperience,inthedefi-wasvitalindetermininghowhumanscon
7、frontednitionofempiricism,complicatesmattersbecauseandunderstoodtheirworld.therearemanytypesofexperience.Thereare“in-ScatteredthroughoutEurope,theromanticphi-ner”experiencessuchasdreams,imaginings,fan-losop
