Alchemy and Authority in the Holy Roman Empire

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1、alchemyandauthorityintheholyromanempireGalchemyandauthorityintheholyromanempiretaranummedaltheuniversityofchicagopresschicagoandlondontaranummedalisassistantprofessorofhistoryatBrownUniversity.TheUniversityofChicagoPress,Chicago60637TheUniversityofChicagoPres

2、s,Ltd.,London©2007byTheUniversityofChicagoAllrightsreserved.Published2007PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica1615141312111009080712345isbn-13:978-0-226-60856-3(cloth)isbn-10:0-226-60856-5(cloth)LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataNummedal,TaraAlchemyan

3、dauthorityintheHolyRomanEmpire/TaraNummedal.p.cm.Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.isbn978-0-226-60856-3(cloth:alk.paper)1.Alchemy—History.2.Alchemists—History—Sources.3.HolyRomanEmpire—History.I.Title.qd13.n862007540.1’12094—dc222007002521Thepaperu

4、sedinthispublicationmeetstheminimumrequirementsoftheAmericanNationalStandardforInformationSciences—PermanenceofPaperforPrintedLibraryMaterials,ansiz39.48-1992.inmemoriamLaraJ.Moore,1971–2003GcontentsListofFiguresixAcknowledgmentsxiNoteonEarlyModernWeightsandM

5、easuresxvAbbreviationsxviiIntroduction11.AssemblingExpertise172.TheAlchemist’sPersonae403.EntrepreneurialAlchemy734.ContractingthePhilosophers’Stone965.Laboratories,Space,andSecrecy1196.BetrügeronTrial147Conclusion:TheProblemofAuthority177Notes181SelectedBibl

6、iography235Index255viiGfigures1.Distillingfurnaces,asdepictedin[PeterKertzenmacher],AlchimiadasistalleFarben,Wasser,Olea,Salia,undAlumina...zubereyten,1570262.Analchemistreceivingthedonumdei,asdepictedinThomasNorton,TheOrdinallofAlchimy,1652293.Distillationan

7、dassayingapparatus,asdepictedonthetitlepageofLazarusErcker,BeschreibungallerfürnemistenmineralischenErtztunndBerckwercksarten,1580374.EngravingbyPhilipsGalleafterPieterBruegheltheElder,TheAlchemist,ca.1558415.WoodcutdepictingalchemicalfollyinFrancescoPetrarca

8、,VonderArtzneybayderGlück,desgutenundwiderwertigen,1532526.Woodcutaccompanyingthechapter“Defalsariis”inSebastianBrant,Stultiferanavis,1498587.EngravingofStuttgartducalgardensbyMatthaeusMe