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1、EDWARDL.KEENANANDJONATHANSTAVIASEMANTICCHARACTERIZATIONOFNATURALLANGUAGEDETERMINERS*Theprinciplegoalofthispaperistocharacterizethepossibledeter-minerdenotationsofEnglish.OurmajorresultisgivenbytheCon-servativityTheoreminsection2.Itshowsthattheextensiveandvariedclassofdeterminers(dets)weconsiderin
2、section1allsatisfyaverystrongconstraintontheirsemanticinterpretationwhichwecallCon-servativity.TheconstraintstrengthensUniversal3ofBarwiseandCooper(1981),andthetheoremprovidesanexplanationfortheuni-versal.Insection3wediscussseverallinguisticallymotivatedsubclassesofdets.Intwocases,classesdistingu
3、ishedbyB&Careshowntoextendinanenlighteningwaytothelargerclassofdetsweconsider.Inathirdcase,theindefinitedets,weofferanalternativedefinitionwhichwefeeltobesimpleranddescriptivelymoreadequate.Twonewclassesaredefinedintermsofwhichaseconduniversalisposited.Thatgeneraliza-tionleadstooursecondmajorresu
4、lt:the(In)effabilityTheorems,whichplaceacertainconstraintontheexpressivepowerofEnglishdets.1.ENGLISHDETERMINERSCONSIDEREDInsection1.1belowwepresentthetypesofdetsforwhichweprovidedenotations.Thegroupingsareintendedasmnemonic.Severalexpres-sionscould(andoccasionallydo)occurundermorethanoneheading.T
5、hesubcategorizationintermsofcardinal,logical,andnon-logicalhoweverhasarigoroussemanticbasis(section3).Allcardinaldetsarelogicalbuttheconversefails.Thoselistedunderlogicalbelowarelogicalbutnotcardinal.Capitalletteringindicatesstress.Thenotationonthedemonstrativesisclarifiedinsection2.1.Justificati
6、onforincludingcertainofthemorecomplexexpressionsisgiveninsection2.6.WehaveingeneralbeengenerouswithregardtowhatwecountasanEnglishdetsoastomoreconvincinglydemonstratethatallEnglishdetssatisfytheConservativityUniversal.Eliminatingitemsfromourlistwillnotdamagethatclaim.1.1SomeExtensionalOnePlaceDete
7、rminerExpressionsofEnglishSimplexcardinal:a,some,six,no,?several,?afew,ascoreof,adozenLinguisticsandPhilosophy9(1986)253-326.©1986byD.ReidelPublishingCompany254EDWARDL.KEENANANDJONATHANSTAVIlogical:each,every,all,both,
