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1、v-ing形式作状语v-ing形式作状语时,用于修饰某动词或整个句子,所表示的动作与句子主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。v-ing形式作状语时,可以单独使用,也可以在其前加上when,while,after,if,unless,although,though等连词,表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、伴随、方式等。1.作时间状语Hearingthisnews,shegotfrightened.听到这个消息,她感到害怕。Lookingoutofthewindow,Isawsomechildrenplayingfootball.
2、Turningaround,hesawatigerrunningup.2.作结果状语Theboyranevenfaster,reachingtheschooloutofbreath.那个男孩跑得更快了,到达学校时累得上气不接下气了。Thechildslippedandfell,hittinghisheadagainstthedoor.Herhusbanddied,leavingherfourchildren.Theyfired,killingmanypeopleinthestreet.3.作伴随状语Hestoodby
3、thewindow,watchingpeoplepassingbyhiswindow.Hecamerunning.Shestoodwaitingforabus.Hesattherereadingabook.Thestudentsranoutoftheclassroom,talkingandlaughing.4.作原因状语Beingastudent,Imuststudyhard.作为一名学生,我必须努力学习。Seeingnobodyathome,heleftthemanote.Notknowinghistelephon
4、enumber,Icouldn’tgetintouchwithhim.5.作让步状语Havinglivedhereforfouryears,Iamnotfamiliarwithmyneighbors.虽然我在这儿住了四年,我对邻居们都还不熟悉。Workingorreading,shealwaysdidherbest.不管是工作还是阅读,她总是竭尽全力。Notbeingarichmanhimself,hehelpedthepoorgenerously.尽管他自己不算富裕,他却是慷慨的帮助穷人。6.作条件状语Heatin
5、gwater,wecanchangeitintovapour.把水加热,我们可以将其变为水蒸汽。Workinginhissmallroom,hemadethreepairsofshoeseveryday.在他的小房间里工作,每天做三双鞋。Usingyourhead,you’llfindagoodway.Workinghard,you’llsurelysucceed.7.作目的状语Hestayeduplateintothenight,attemptingtopasstheentranceexam.他晚上睡得很晚,想通过
6、考试。注意:一、V-ing的时态和语态。下表以动词do为例说明现在分词的时态和语态的不同变化形式及其否定式的构成:1.现在分词的一般式表示该动作在与谓语动作同时发生或在谓语动作之后发生,完成式则表示该动作发生在谓语动作之前,在句中只能作状语表示时间和原因。如:Standingontopofthehill,youcanseeasfarastheseaside.(分词动作与谓语动作同时发生)Thefishcaneatapersonintwominutes,leavingonlybones.(分词动作在谓语动作之后发生)H
7、avingfinishedhishomework,theboywentouttoplayfootball.(分词动作在谓语动作之前发生)HavingturnedofftheTVset,hebagantodohishomework.2.现在分词的主动式表示动作是由句子主语发出,而被动式表明主语承受该动作。如:Beingnoticedbysomanypeople,shefeltnervous,notknowingwhattosay.Beinghelpedbytheteacher,shewilllearnEnglishwe
8、ll.Havingbeenshownthelab,weweretakentoseethelibrary.Havingbeentranslatedintomanylanguages,thebookwaswidelyreadallovertheworld.3.现在分词的否定式是在一般式和完成式的前面加not(never)。注意完成式的否定式应将no