(休谟) Hume - [1758] 2007 - An Enquiry into the Sources of Morals (Ed. Jonathan Bennett)

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1、AnEnquiryintotheSourcesofMoralsDavidHumeCopyright©2010–2015Allrightsreserved.JonathanBennett[Brackets]encloseeditorialexplanations.Small·dots·enclosematerialthathasbeenadded,butcanbereadasthoughitwerepartoftheoriginaltext.Occasional•bullets,andalsoindenti

2、ngofpassagesthatarenotquotations,aremeantasaidstograspingthestructureofasentenceorathought.Everyfour-pointellipsis....indicatestheomissionofabriefpassagethatseemstopresentmoredifficultythanitisworth.Largeromissionsarereportedwithinsquarebrackets,innormal-s

3、izedtype.—Hume’stitleforthisworkisAnEnquiryConcerningthePrinciplesofMorals.Inhisdaya‘principle’wasoftennotakindof•propositionbutrathera•‘sourceofactivity’or•‘activator’orthelike.Onpage3hecallsmoralityan‘activeprinciple’,andonpage29hewritesthatacertain‘pri

4、nciplestillexertsitsactiveenergy’—heisn’ttalkingabouttheactiveenergyofaproposition!Thissenseof‘principle’iswhatismeantinthetitleofthiswork,whichonpages4,56and65Humedescribesasanenquiryinto‘theoriginofmorals’.Firstlaunched:May2007SourcesofMoralsDavidHumeCo

5、ntentsSection1:Thegeneralsourcesofmorals1Section2:Benevolence5Section3:Justice8Section4.Politicalsociety21Section5.Whyutilitypleases24Section6:Qualitiesusefultoourselves35Section7:Qualitiesimmediatelyagreeabletoourselves45Section8.Qualitiesimmediatelyagre

6、eabletoothers50Section9:Conclusion54Appendix1.Moralsentiment(·orfeeling·)64Appendix2.Self-love69Appendix3.Furtherpointsaboutjustice74Appendix4.Someverbaldisputes79SourcesofMoralsDavidHume1:GeneralsourcesofmoralsMostoftheprinciplesandreasoningscontainedint

7、hisvolumewerepublishedinaworkinthreevolumes,calledATreatiseofHumanNature,aworkwhichtheauthorhadprojectedbeforeheleftcollege,andwhichhewroteandpublishedsoonafter.Itwasn’tasuccess,andhecametorealizethathehadgonetothepresstooearly;sohere-workedthewholethingi

8、nthefollowingpieces,inwhichhehopestohavecorrectedsomefaultsinhisearlierreasoningandmoreinhiswriting.[TheEnquiryConcerningHumanUnderstanding,theDissertationonthePassions,andthepresentworkwerepublishedinonevolume.]Yet