考研英语一阅读理解真题加解析1994 Passage 5

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1、1994Passage5　　Discoveriesinscienceandtechnologyarethoughtby"untaughtminds"tocomeinblindingflashesorastheresultofdramaticaccidents.SirAlexanderFlemingdidnot,aslegendwouldhaveit,lookatthemoldonapieceofcheeseandgettheideaforpenicillinthereandthen.Heexperimentedwith

2、antibacterialsubstancesfornineyearsbeforehemadehisdiscovery.Inventionsandinnovationsalmostalwayscomeoutoflaborioustrialanderror.Innovationislikesoccer;eventhebestplayersmissthegoalandhavetheirshotsblockedmuchmorefrequentlythantheyscore.　　Thepointisthattheplayers

3、whoscoremostaretheoneswhotakethemostshotsatthegoal—andsoitgoeswithinnovationinanyfieldofactivity.Theprimedifferencebetweeninnovatorsandothersisoneofapproach.Everybodygetsideas,butinnovatorsworkconsciouslyontheirs,andtheyfollowthemthroughuntiltheyprovepracticable

4、orotherwise.Whatordinarypeopleseeasfancifulabstractions,professionalinnovatorsseeassolidpossibilities.　　"Creativethinkingmaymeansimplytherealizationthatthere'snoparticularvirtueindoingthingsthewaytheyhavealwaysbeendone,"wroteRudolphFlesch,alanguageauthority.This

5、accountsforourreactiontoseeminglysimpleinnovationslikeplasticgarbagebagsandsuitcasesonwheelsthatmakelifemoreconvenient:"Howcomenobodythoughtofthatbefore?"　　Thecreativeapproachbeginswiththepropositionthatnothingisasitappears.Innovatorswillnotacceptthatthereisonly

6、onewaytodoanything.FacedwithgettingfromAtoB,theaveragepersonwillautomaticallysetoutonthebest-knownandapparentlysimplestroute.Theinnovatorwillsearchforalternatecourses,whichmayproveeasierinthelongrunandareboundtobemoreinterestingandchallengingeveniftheyleadtodead

7、ends.　　Highlycreativeindividualsreallydomarchtoadifferentdrummer.67.Whatdoestheauthorprobablymeanby"untaughtmind"inthefirstparagraph?　　[A]Apersonignorantofthehardworkinvolvedinexperimentation.　　[B]Acitizenofasocietythatrestrictspersonalcreativity.　　[C]Apersonwho

8、hashadnoeducation.　　[D]Anindividualwhooftencomesupwithnewideasbyaccident.68.Accordingtotheauthor,whatdistinguishesinnovatorsfromnon-innovators?　　[A]Thevarietyofideast