资源描述：
《Track and vertex reconstruction》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。
1、REVIEWSOFMODERNPHYSICS,VOLUME82,APRIL–JUNE2010Trackandvertexreconstruction:FromclassicaltoadaptivemethodsAreStrandlie*GjøvikUniversityCollege,P.O.Box191,N-2802Gjøvik,Norway†RudolfFrühwirthInstituteofHighEnergyPhysicsoftheAustrianAcademyofSciences,NikolsdorferGasse18,A-1050
2、Wien,AustriaPublished7May2010Thispaperreviewsclassicalandadaptivemethodsoftrackandvertexreconstructioninparticlephysicsexperiments.Adaptivemethodshavebeendevelopedtomeettheexperimentalchallengesathigh-energycolliders,inparticular,theCERNLargeHadronCollider.Theycanbechara
3、cterizedbytheobliterationofthetraditionalboundariesbetweenpatternrecognitionandstatisticalestimation,bythecompetitionbetweendifferenthypothesesaboutwhatconstitutesatrackoravertex,andbyahighlevelofßexibilityandrobustnessachievedwithaminimumofassumptionsaboutthedata.Thetheor
4、eticalbackgroundofsomeoftheadaptivemethodsisdescribed,anditisshownthatthereisacloseconnectionbetweenthetwomainbranchesofadaptivemethods:neuralnetworksanddeformabletemplates,ontheonehand,androbuststochasticÞlterswithannealing,ontheotherhand.Asbothclassicalandadaptivemethods
5、oftrackandvertexreconstructionpresupposepreciseknowledgeofthepositionsofthesensitivedetectorelements,thepaperincludesanoverviewofdetectoralignmentmethodsandasurveyofthealignmentstrategiesemployedbypastandcurrentexperiments.DOI:10.1103/RevModPhys.82.1419PACSnumbers:02.70.
6、Rr,07.05.Kf,07.05.Mh,29.85.FjCONTENTSD.VertexÞtting14291.Least-squaresmethodsforvertexÞtting14292.RobustvertexÞtting1431I.Introduction14203.VertexÞndingbyiteratedÞtting1431II.ClassicalMethodsofTrackandVertexIII.AdaptiveMethods1432Reconstruction1421A.HopÞeldneuralnetworks14
7、32A.TrackÞnding1422B.Elasticnetsanddeformabletemplates14341.Conformalmapping1422C.Gaussian-sumÞlter14372.HoughandLegendretransforms1422D.EMalgorithmandadaptivetrackÞtting14393.Trackroad1422E.Comparativestudies14414.Trackfollowing1423F.AdaptivevertexÞtting1443B.TrackÞtting1
8、423IV.DetectorAlignment14451.Trackparametrization1423A.Introduction14452.Trackmodel1423B.
