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1、TheFutureofElectronicPaperThirty-fiveyearsinthemaking,electronicpaperisnowcloserthanevertochangingthewayweread,write,andstudy—arevolutionsoprofoundthatsomeseeitassecondonlytotheinventionoftheprintingpressinthe15thcentury.Madeofflexiblematerial,requiringultra-lowpowerconsumption,cheaptomanufactu
2、re,and—mostimportant—easyandconvenienttoread,e-papersofthefuturearejustaroundthecorner,withthepromisetoholdlibrariesonachipandreplacemostprintednewspapersbeforetheendofthenextdecade.Thisarticlewillcoverthehistory,technology,andfutureofwhatwillbethesecondpaperrevolution.E-paperHistory:AnIntervie
3、wwithNickSheridon,FatherofE-paperInthe1970s,XeroxPaloAltoResearchCenter(XeroxPARC)wasapowerhouseofinnovation.Manyaspectsthemoderncomputer,namelythemouse,laserprinter,Ethernet,GUI,computer-generatedcolorgraphics,aswellasanumberofimportantcomputerlanguages,wereinventedatPARCaroundthattime.Yetanot
4、herdevelopment,nearlylostamongthoseimportantbreakthroughs,wasinventedin1974byPARCemployeeNicholasK.Sheridon.TheGyricon,aGreektermforrotatingimage,wastobenewdisplaytechnologyfortheAltopersonalcomputer;eventually,itbecamethebasisformoderne-papertechnology.Nearly35yearslater,TFOTsatdownwithNickShe
5、ridontoaskhimabouthishistoricinvention.Q:Howdiditallstart?A:Inthelate60sandearly70s,XeroxPARCwasdevelopingandattemptingtogetXeroxmanagementtoappreciatetheAltopersonalcomputer;theyneverdid.Itwastheworld'sfirstofficeandword-processingcomputer,butthisremarkablemachinehadoneseriousdrawback:thecatho
6、de-raytubedisplayitused—thebestavailable—wasnotbrightenough,andthecontrastwasnotgreat.Peoplethatusedthemachinedidsoinadarkenedroom,withthelightsturnedoffandthewindowshadesdrawn.Severalofusscientistswereaskedtotrytofindabetterdisplay,hopefullyonethatcouldpermitoperationinabrightlylitambient.Iinv
7、entedtheGyriconrotating-balldisplayandadisplaybasedonaphysicalphenomenonIcalled“electrocapillarity.”Theelectrocapillaritydisplayworkedbymovingcoloredliquidsagainstawhitebackground.Therestofthegroupworkedonelectrophoreticdisplays(e
