Reaction Kinetics - Home page - Claire Vallance

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1、1ReactionKineticsDrClaireVallanceFirstyear,HilarytermSuggestedReadingPhysicalChemistry,P.W.AtkinsReactionKinetics,M.J.PillingandP.W.SeakinsChemicalKinetics,K.J.LaidlerModernLiquidPhaseKinetics,B.G.CoxCoursesynopsis1.Introduction2.Rateofreaction3.Ratelaws4.Theunitsoftherateconstant5.Int

2、egratedratelaws6.Halflives7.Determiningtheratelawfromexperimentaldata(i)Isolationmethod(ii)Differentialmethods(iii)Integralmethods(iv)Halflives8.Experimentaltechniques(i)Techniquesformixingthereactantsandinitiatingreaction(ii)Techniquesformonitoringconcentrationsasafunctionoftime(iii)T

3、emperaturecontrolandmeasurement9.Complexreactions10.Consecutivereactions11.Pre-equilibria12.Thesteadystateapproximation13.‘Unimolecular’reactions–theLindemann-Hinshelwoodmechanism14.Thirdorderreactions15.Enzymereactions–theMichaelis-Mentenmechanism16.Chainreactions17.Linearchainreactio

4、nsThehydrogen–brominereactionThehydrogen–chlorinereactionThehydrogen-iodinereactionComparisonofthehydrogen-halogenreactions18.ExplosionsandbranchedchainreactionsThehydrogen–oxygenreaction19.TemperaturedependenceofreactionratesTheArrheniusequationandactivationenergiesOverallactivationen

5、ergiesforcomplexreactionsCatalysis20.Simplecollisiontheory21.IntroductionChemicalreactionkineticsdealswiththeratesofchemicalprocesses.Anychemicalprocessmaybebrokendownintoasequenceofoneormoresingle-stepprocessesknowneitheraselementaryprocesses,elementaryreactions,orelementarysteps.Elem

6、entaryreactionsusuallyinvolveeitherasinglereactivecollisionbetweentwomolecules,whichwerefertoasaabimolecularstep,ordissociation/isomerisationofasinglereactantmolecule,whichwerefertoasaunimolecularstep.Veryrarely,underconditionsofextremelyhighpressure,atermolecularstepmayoccur,whichinvo

7、lvessimultaneouscollisionofthreereactantmolecules.Animportantpointtorecogniseisthatmanyreactionsthatarewrittenasasinglereactionequationinactualfactconsistofaseriesofelementarysteps.Thiswillbecomeextremelyimportantaswelearnmoreaboutthetheoryofchemicalreactionrates.Asageneralrule,eleme