Internationalization of TNCs from跨国公司国际

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1、InternationalizationofTNCsfromtheextractiveindustries:aliteraturereviewRomyKraemerandRobvanTulderTheliteratureonthenature,shapeandlogicofinternationalizationofextractiveindustryTNCsisratherfragmentedandpoorlydeveloped.Thisisamountingproblemsinceextractiveindustriesarenotonlybecomingincr

2、easinglyimportant,buttheiroperationshavealsobecomeincreasinglycontroversial.Thisarticletakesstockofthreetypesofapproachestowardsinternationalization.Firsttraditionalintrinsicmotives,whichrepresentan‘internationalmanagement’angleandfocusesontheresource-seeking,efficiency-seekingandstrate

3、gicasset-seekingnatureofextractiveTNCs.Secondly,traditionalextrinsicmotives,whichrepresentsamorepoliticaleconomicangletowardsextractiveindustries,andwhichbuildsonabargainingperspectiveofinternationalization.Thirdly,amodernextensionofextrinsicmotivestointernationalizationwillbeadded,whic

4、hconsiderstheincreasingroleofNon-GovernmentalOrganizationsasfactorinshapingtheinternationalizationtrajectoriesofextractiveindustries.Thisapproachrepresentsa‘stakeholder’approachtofirmstrategies.Itconsidersthesocietalpositionoffirmsandconsidersthe‘licensetooperate’orthenormativepositiono

5、ftransnationalcorporations.AcorrectunderstandingofthedynamicsofinternationalizationofextractiveindustryTNCsrequiresanintegrativeapproachofextrinsicaswellasintrinsicmotives.Thisarticledelineatesthemostimportantingredientsofsuchanapproach.1.Introduction:fromintrinsictoextrinsicmotivesThel

6、iteratureonthefactorsinfluencingthenatureanddegreeofinternationalizationoftransnationalcorporations(TNCs)fromtheextractiveindustrieshasbeenrelativelymodestandratherfragmented.Mainstreaminternationalbusinessliteratureonthedriversofinternationalizationhasprimarilyfocusedonthemanufacturing

7、andservicesindustryandisnotabundantlyavailableforthissector.Theextractiveindustriesrepresent,firstly,atraditionalcaseof(resource-based)internationalization.ThishasnotstimulatedmuchrecentresearchduetothefactthatmostoftheWesternextractiveindustryfirmsstartedtointernationalizelong