COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE_ LOGICAL AND竞争优势与逻辑

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1、StrategicManagementJournalStrat.Mgmt.J.,22:875888(2001)DOI:10.1002/smj.173COMPETITIVEADVANTAGE:LOGICALANDPHILOSOPHICALCONSIDERATIONSTHOMASC.POWELL*AustralianGraduateSchoolofManagement,Sydney,NewSouthWales,AustraliaStrategicmanagementtheoriesinvoketheconceptofcompetitiveadvantagetoe

2、xplainfirmperformance,andempiricalresearchinvestigatescompetitiveadvantageanddescribeshowitoperates.Butasaperformancehypothesis,competitiveadvantagehasreceivedsurprisinglylittleformaljustification,particularlyinlightofitscentralityinstrategyresearchandpractice.Asithappens,thecorehypo

3、thesis—thatcompetitiveadvantageproducessustainedsuperiorperfor-mance—findslittlesupportinformaldeductiveorinductiveinference,andtheleadingtheoriesofcompetitiveadvantageincorporaterefutationbarriersthatprecludemeaningfulempiricaltests.Thisarticleexploresthelogicalandphilosophicalfoun

4、dationsofthecompetitiveadvantagehypothesis,locatingitsphilosophicalfoundationsintheepistemologiesofBayesianinduction,abductiveinferenceandaninstrumentalist,pragmaticphilosophyofscience.Copyright2001JohnWiley&Sons,Ltd.COMPETITIVEADVANTAGEAS1997).ResearchershavealsodebatedtheextentP

5、ERFORMANCEHYPOTHESIStowhichsuperiorperformanceoccursatthelevelofthefirm,businessunit,corporation,orindustryStrategicmanagementresearchattemptstoexplain(Rumelt,1991;Powell,1996;McGahanandPorter,thesustainedsuperiorperformanceoffirms(Ru-1997;Brush,BromileyandHendrickx,1999).melt,Schend

6、elandTeece,1994).TheleadingThesedebatesnotwithstanding,thehypothesishypothesisisthatsustainedsuperiorperformanceofcompetitiveadvantagedominatestheoriesofarisesfromsustainablecompetitiveadvantagessustainedsuperiorperformance.Underanyleading(Barney,1997;Grant,1998;Roberts,1999).Theo-

7、strategytheory,sustainedsuperiorperformanceriesdifferastothesourcesofcompetitiveadvan-exists,ithasspecifiablecauses,andthesecausestageforexample,whethersuperiorperformancearetiedtotheconceptofcompetitiveadvantage.takestheformofmonopolyrentstoprotectedBetterexplanationsforsuperiorper

8、formancemarketpositions(Ca