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1、StrategicManagementJournalStrat.Mgmt.J.,22:875888(2001)DOI:10.1002/smj.173COMPETITIVEADVANTAGE:LOGICALANDPHILOSOPHICALCONSIDERATIONSTHOMASC.POWELL*AustralianGraduateSchoolofManagement,Sydney,NewSouthWales,AustraliaStrategicmanagementtheoriesinvoketheconceptofcompetitiveadvan
2、tagetoexplainfirmperformance,andempiricalresearchinvestigatescompetitiveadvantageanddescribeshowitoperates.Butasaperformancehypothesis,competitiveadvantagehasreceivedsurprisinglylittleformaljustification,particularlyinlightofitscentralityinstrategyresearchandpractice.Asithappe
3、ns,thecorehypothesis—thatcompetitiveadvantageproducessustainedsuperiorperfor-mance—findslittlesupportinformaldeductiveorinductiveinference,andtheleadingtheoriesofcompetitiveadvantageincorporaterefutationbarriersthatprecludemeaningfulempiricaltests.Thisarticleexploresthelogica
4、landphilosophicalfoundationsofthecompetitiveadvantagehypothesis,locatingitsphilosophicalfoundationsintheepistemologiesofBayesianinduction,abductiveinferenceandaninstrumentalist,pragmaticphilosophyofscience.Copyright2001JohnWiley&Sons,Ltd.COMPETITIVEADVANTAGEAS1997).Research
5、ershavealsodebatedtheextentPERFORMANCEHYPOTHESIStowhichsuperiorperformanceoccursatthelevelofthefirm,businessunit,corporation,orindustryStrategicmanagementresearchattemptstoexplain(Rumelt,1991;Powell,1996;McGahanandPorter,thesustainedsuperiorperformanceoffirms(Ru-1997;Brush,Bro
6、mileyandHendrickx,1999).melt,SchendelandTeece,1994).TheleadingThesedebatesnotwithstanding,thehypothesishypothesisisthatsustainedsuperiorperformanceofcompetitiveadvantagedominatestheoriesofarisesfromsustainablecompetitiveadvantagessustainedsuperiorperformance.Underanyleading(
7、Barney,1997;Grant,1998;Roberts,1999).Theo-strategytheory,sustainedsuperiorperformanceriesdifferastothesourcesofcompetitiveadvan-exists,ithasspecifiablecauses,andthesecausestageforexample,whethersuperiorperformancearetiedtotheconceptofcompetitiveadvantage.takestheformofmonopol
8、yrentstoprotectedBetterexplanationsforsuperiorperformancemarketpositions(Ca