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1、PQ17护航队的悲剧ThetragedyofthePQ17escortArcticocean.Thedovegreynadirandicefourvoltsea,staggeredwithahugefleetoperation.ItisthefamousPQ17escortteam.StalinandtheSovietUnionexpressedgreathopethatthealliesoftheUnitedStatesandBritainhadmadegreateffortstoorganizeanArcticlinefleet.Aftertheinvas
2、ionoftheSovietUnionbytheArcticroute,Hitlerjoinedtheantifascistallies,andBritishPrimeMinisterChurchillannouncedthathewouldsupportandsupporttheSovietunion.ThewaytotheSovietUnioncarryingwarmaterialthree:throughthePersianGulfandIranrailway;JapanthroughtheTsugaruStraitandstraitsinthePaci
3、ficroute;theArcticroute.Inthefirsttwoarticles,duetovariousreasons,thetrafficwasverylimited,andthemaingoodscouldonlybeshippedtotheSovietUnionviatheArcticroute.TheArcticroutestartingpointinIceland,MurmanskandArkhangelskastheendpoint.Murmanskisnear,andicefreeport,buttherouteisinthenort
4、hofNorwayandtheGermanthreat;Arkhangelskrouteisabout2200nauticalmiles,althoughslightlysafer,buthalfofthefrozenperiod,shippingisrestricted.TheArcticOceanisthesmallestocean.SailorscommonlycallittheArcticsea".Itisadauntingworldoficeandsnow,frozenallyearinmanyareas.Afloatingicefrozensea.
5、Adarkwinter,thewindroaredinthepolarnight.Thesummernightfog,fog,navigationisdifficult.Eveninpeacetime,fewvesselsventuredexceptforexplorers.Duringthewar,Germanaircraft,surfaceshipsandsubmarinesblockedtheArcticroute,makingitmoreghastlyandterrifying.Thesailorsontheotherseasoftheworldwer
6、eunabletoimaginethehardshipsanddangersoftheArcticroute.Nevertheless,theAlliesstillusetherouteofdeliveryofalargenumberofarmstotheSovietUnion,madeagreatcontributiontotheGreatPatrioticWaroftheSovietunion.TheBritishNavynamedtheIcelandEastChinaCargoconvoyasthePQfleet,callingtheemptyfleet
7、backfromthewestoftheSovietUnion"QP"fleet.BySeptember28,1941,1ships:heavycruiser,Yangjianescorted14merchantshipsQPlfleetstartingfromArkhangelsk;thirddaysby1heavycruisersand2destroyersescorted10shipsladenshipPQ1fleetinIcelandstart.Thetwofleethadarrivedsafely,theArcticrouteofficiallyop
8、ened,inthelongwinte
