1.包豪斯 The New Man一The New Technique

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1、TheNewMan一TheNewTechniqueBauhaus,theinstituteforexperimentsandeducationofGermanarchitecture，industrialartandhandicraftwasfoundedinWeimarbythearchitectWalterGropiusin1919.Inthemiddleofthe1920sBauhausmovedtoDessauintoaradicallymoderndesignedbyGropius.ThenewBauhausartinstitute

2、wasinauguratedon4thDecember1926.Thebuildingcomplexwasmadeofsteelandglass.Itwasconsideredanarchitectonicwonder.TheoriginsofBauhauswerefarfromtheearliermethodsofeducationinindustrialartandarchitecture.Itsprogramwasbasedonthenewestknowledgeinpedagogy.TheidealisticbasisofBauhau

3、swasasociallyorientatedprogram.Anartistmustbeconsciousofhissocialresponsibilitytothecommunity.Ontheotherhandthecommunityhastoaccepttheartistandsupporthim.ButabovealltheintentionwithBauhauswastodevelopcreativemindsforarchitectureandindustryandthusinfluencethemsothattheywould

4、beabletoproduceartistically，technicallyandpracticallybalancedutensils.Theinstituteincludedworkshopsformakingmodelsoftypehousesandallkindsofutensils，anddepartmentsofe.g.advertisingart，stageplanning，photography，andtypography.Theneoplasticismandconstructivemovementsofartdidtoa

5、greatextentsteertheformlinesofBauhaus.TeachersweresuchmastersofmodernartasKandinskyandKlee.StartlingGoalsOnthebasisoftheexperiencesgainedattheWeimarBauhaus，Gropiussummeduphiscentralstartingpointsin1925:“Bauhauswishestoservetheactualdevelopmentofhousing，fromsimpleutensilstot

6、hecompletedwellinghouse.Convincedofthefactthatahouseandtheutensilshavetobeinasensiblerelationtoeachother，Bauhaustriestofindtheformofeveryobjectinitsnaturalfunctionsandpresuppositionsbysystematicallyexperimentingintheoryandpractice-informs，informs,inthetechnicalandeconomicsp

7、heres.”ThustheBauhauscurriculumcombinedtheoreticeducationandpracticaltrainingintheeducationalworkshops.Asteachers，BauhausMasters,GropiusengagedamongothersLyonelFeininger，VassilyKandinsky，PaulKlee，JohannesIttenandLaszloMoholy-Nagy.ThePreliminaryCourseMost-ImportantInthefocus

8、ofthebasiceducationthateverybodyhadtoattendwasthePreliminaryCourse.ItwastheSwisspa