2、因而学生的理解是:只要先行词是表示时间、地点和原因的名词,引导定语从句的肯定是关系副词when, where和why。其他先行词则由关系代词which和that引导。针对这种情况,我们教师在讲定语从句时一定要仔细分析一下定语从句的含义。不要一见到先行词是时间或者地点名词就用when或where引导,而应看看引导词在定语从句中应作什么成份。如果作时间、地点或原因状语才能用when,where和why。也可以分析一下定语从句中是否有主语或宾语。如果既有主语又有宾语,可以用when, where或why引导;假若没有主语和宾语,那么就要考虑是否用that或which来引导了。如:A. Do y
3、ou still remember the day(whenwe met. Do you remember the day (which/that) we spent with professor Li in Xi’ an?这两句话里都含有表示时间的先行词“the day”。那么,我们试着分析一下:A句从句中有主语“We”,也有不及物动词“met”,因而,我们可以说先行词“the day”既没有作该从句的主语,也没有作宾语,因此只能用关系副词when引导,相当于“on which”也就是“on the day”的意思。而B句中主语是“we”,宾语没有在“spent”后出现。由于“spen
4、t”是个及物动词,故其引导词只能用在从句中充当宾语的关系代词“which”或“that”来引导了。类似的例子还有:C. This is the place we visited last year.(Where、which、to which、by which). 这是我去年参观的地方。(which是关系代词作宾语,指物)D. we will visit the place he worked three years ago.(where、which、that、which) 我们将参观他三年前工作的地方。(where是关系副词作状语)。 E. I we
5、nt to Beijing last year, I visited the Great Wall. (when、where、which、that) 我去年去了北京,在那儿我参观了长城。在这句话里where也是关系副词作状语。但从形式上看主句和从句用逗号隔开,从内容上看从句对先行词作了补充说明而不是修饰限制。因此它是一个非限制性定语从句。(注意限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别)二、重视整体概念,忽视细节要求当关系代词引导一个定语从句并且在从句中充当宾语时,该从句中的谓语动词必须是及物动词;如果不是,就要在该动词后加上相应介词。如果关系代词为which或whom,则
6、要将介词放在which或whom前。可是这一细节要求常常被老师和学生忽视。注意下面的句子;A. This is the book (that) I have learned a lot from.B. This is the book from which I have learned a lot.上面两个句子意思都是“这就是那本让我获益非浅的书”,但由于第二句由关系代词which引导,介词from必须放在which之前。C. Do you know the man (that) she was talking to?D. Do you know the man to whom she
7、was talking?你认识和她说话的那个人吗?C句中的to常常被有些同学去掉,而D句中的to常常被他们忘掉。E. The house (that) he is living in is now a shop.F. The house in which he is living is now a shop.他现在居住的房子现在是一个商店。道理同上。G. The fellow (that) I spoke to made no an