1、220 (220)一撫調曝轡轡輔ッ欝壷磯御触晴曝野骨形成因子受容体山下英俊1 宮園浩平2 Bone morphogenetic protein(BMP) receptors and signal transduction Hidetoshi Yamashitai, Kohei Miyazono2’Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 2Depart-ment of Biochemistry, The Ca
2、ncer lnstitute Summary BMPs are multifunctional cytokines which regulate cellular proliferation, differ-entiation, apoptosis of various cell types, including osteoblasts and chondroblasts.These functions are related to various biological functions in
3、vivo ; e.g. formation ofbone and cartilage, embryogenesis, and organogenesis. BMPs transduce signals throughbinding to type 1 and type II receptors with serine/threonine kinase activity. As fortype 1 receptors, BMPs bind to BMP type IA receptor, BMP type IB receptor a
4、ndactivin type 1 receptor. As for type II receptors, BMPs bind to BMP type II receptor,activin type II receptor and activin type IIB receptor. ln the receptor-ligand complex-es, type II receptors phosphorylate type 1 receptors in the GS domain(domain rich inglycine, s
5、erine and threonine residues) to activate the latter. The activated type Ireceptors phosphorylate Smad family, which transduces the signals from cytoplasminto nuclei.Key words : Bone morphogenetic proteins(BMPs), BMP receptors, serine/threonine kinase, type 1 rec
6、eptors, type II receptors, Smadてきた.細胞レベルでも骨形成に関与する細胞は じ め に以外の細胞の制御機能も持つ1・2}.最近の研究に 骨形成因子(bone morphogenetic protein=より,BMP受容体および細胞内シグナル伝達経BMP)は皮下や筋肉内に投与すると骨組織形成路についても分子レベルで解明され,BMPの作を促す因子として骨基質より発見された1・2).用が分子レベルで理解されるようになってきBMPは30-40 kDの蛋白質性の因子で構造上類た1・2}.本稿ではBMPのシグナ