美国种族与族裔 配额制研究

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1、StudyoftheQuotaSystemofU.S.HigherEducationEnrollment美国高等教育招生配额制研究姓名：毛琴年级：2015级专业：英语文学学号：2015129AbstractThequotasystemofU.S.highereducationenrollmentcanbedivideintothreeperiods.Thefirstperiodistheendofthenineteenthcenturytothenineteenfifties.Itusedtolimitthestudentswhocamefromsomegr

2、oupswhichweredividedbyracialandreligiousfactors.Thesecondperiodisthenineteensixtiestotheendoftheseventies.Thequotasystemturnedintoapolicywhichgivespreferentialtreatmenttominority."Thereweretwokindsofit.Oneisintheenrollmentdirectlyfortheminoritytosetasidethecorrespondingplaces,white

3、competitionremainingplaces;anotheristhecommonnameforallcompetitiveadmissionstominoritycandidateswithacertainfractiontowhitecandidatesintherecruitment."Thethirdperiodsinceafterthe1978Bakkecase,quotasystemconnotationchangedagain."Theracialisaplusfactorinenrollment."Thispapermainlystu

4、diesonthecontroversiesresearchofthequotasystemofU.S.highereducationenrollment.”ThroughtheresearchwecanknowthatU.S.highereducationenrollmentstillneedquotasystemtoregulate.KeyWords:Quotasystem;U.S.highereducationenrollment;regulate摘要在美国高等教育领域招生政策中配额制的演变大致可以分为三个时期。第一个时期是19世纪末到20世纪50年代

5、，这时的配额制是指用种族和宗教因素限制特定群体的入学比例。第二个时期是20世纪60年代至70年代末，配额制转变为在政策上向少数族裔倾斜的一种录取方式。它的具体实施方式分为两种，一种是在招生名额中直接为少数族裔留出相应的名额，白人竟争余下的名额;另一种是在招生时给少数族裔考生加上一定分数再去和白人考生共同竞争全部的招生名额。配额制演变的第三个时期是1978年巴基案判决之后至今，配额制内涵再次发生转变，主要是指在招生时将种族背景作为一个附加因素加以考虑。本文主要对美国高等教育招生配额制的争议进行研究，通过研究论述力求阐释现今的美国高等教育仍然需要配额制的调节这一

6、事实。关键词：配额制；美国高等教育招生；改革EqualityhasbeenanimportantprinciplethattheUnitedStatesfollows,andAmericanshavebeenworkingforequalitysincethefoundingoftheUnitedStatesmorethan200yearsago.ParticularlyafterWorldWarII,withthedevelopmentofnationalcivilrightsmovementintheUnitedStates,blackminorityc

7、ontinuetostruggletoseekequality.Theydemandedthattheywereendowedwithequalrightsaswhitepeopleinsuchareasasemployment,educationandtheyalsohopedtobeenrolledinmainstreamofthesociety.Previously,becauseofapartheid,blacks,notinvolvedinthemainstreamofsociety,livedalifetotallydifferentfromth

8、ewhitepeopleinallaspectsof