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1、英国文学提纲一、5个术语上册3个1.Alliteration头韵Alliterationistherepetitionofthesamesoundorsoundsatthebeginningoftowormorewordsthatarenexttoorclosetoeachother.Ofmanwasthemildestandmostbeloved, Tohiskinthekindest,keenestforpraise.2.Allegory寓言体Anallegoryisastoryordescriptioninwhichthecharactersandeventssymbolizesome
2、deeperunderlyingmeaningandservetospreadmoralteaching.RrepresentativeworksareEdmundSpenser’sTheFaerieQueene,JohnBunyan’sThePilgrim’sProgress.3.HeroicCouplet英雄双韵体Twosuccessiverhyminglinesofiambicpentameter五步抑扬格.Thesecondlineisusuallyend-stopped.Itwascommonpracticetostringlongsequences长序列ofheroiccoupl
3、etstogetherinapatternofaa,bb,cc,dd,ee,ff(andsoon).Example:Butwhentomischiefmortalsbendtheirwill,Howsoontheyfindfitinstrumentsofill!(Pope:TheRapeoftheLock,III,125-126)4.Humanism人文主义 Humanismisamovementofphilosophyandethicsthatemphasizesthevalueandagencyofhumanbeings,individuallyandcollectively,and
4、generallyprefersindividualthoughtandevidence(rationalism,empiricism)overestablisheddoctrineorfaith(fideism).HumanismwasthekeynoteoftheRenaissance.PeopleceasedtolookuponthemselvesaslivingonlyforGodandafutureworld.Theybegantoadmirehumanbeautyandhumanachievement.Manisnolongertheslaveoftheexternalworld
5、.Hecanmouldtheworldaccordingtohisdesires,andattainhappinessbyremovingallexternalchecks.5.Sonnet十四行诗Asonnetisalyricinvariablyoffourteenlines,usuallyiniambicpentameter,restrictedtoadefiniterhymescheme.Therearethreetypes：(1)ThePetrarchanorItaliansonnetisdividedintoanoctavewhichrhymesabbaabba,andaseste
6、tusuallyrhymescdecde,orcdcdcd.Thesestetusuallyrepliestotheargumentoftheoctave.(2)Spenseriansonnetisanine-linestanzaofiambicsrhymedababbcbccdcdee.Thefirsteightlinesarepentameters;thefinallineisahexameter.(3)Shakespeareansonnethasthreequatrainsandafinalcoupletwhichusuallyprovidesanepigrammaticstateme
7、ntofthetheme.Therhymeschemeisababcdcdefefgg.6.Ballads民谣Balladsarestoriestoldinsoundandusuallyinfour-linestanzaswithevennumberlinesrhymes.Theywerecreatedcollectlybythepeopleandconstantlyrevisedthroughtheproc
