公正-该如何做是好 中英对照 Justice

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1、Justice:What'stheRightThingtoDo?《公正：该如何做是好？》Lesion11、2《杀人的道德侧面》《同类相残案》提要：如果必须选择杀死1人或者杀死5人，你会怎么选？正确的做法是什么？教授MichaelSandel在他的讲座里提出这个假设的情景，有多数的学生投票来赞成杀死1人，来保全其余五个人的性命。但是Sandel提出了三宗类似的道德难题-每一个都设计巧妙，以至于抉择的难度增加。当学生站起来为自己的艰难抉择辩护时，Sandel提出了他的观点。我们的道德推理背后的假设往往是矛盾的，而什么是正确什么是错的问题，并不总是黑白分明的。提要：Sandel介绍了功利主义哲学家

2、JeremyBentham（杰瑞米·边沁）与19世纪的一个著名案例，此案涉及到的人是4个失事轮船的船员。他们在海上迷失了19天之后，船长决定杀死机舱男孩，他是4个人中最弱小的，这样他们就可以靠他的血液和躯体维持生命。案件引发了学生们对提倡幸福最大化的功利论的辩论，功利论的口号是“绝大多数人的最大利益”。Thisisacourseaboutjusticeandwebeginwithastory.Supposeyou'rethedriverofatrolleycar,andyourtrolleycarishurtlingdownthetrackat60milesanhour.Andattheen

3、dofthetrackyounoticefiveworkersworkingonthetrack.Youtrytostopbutyoucan't,yourbrakesdon'twork.Youfeeldesperatebecauseyouknowthatifyoucrashintothesefiveworkers,theywillalldie.Let'sassumeyouknowthatforsure.Andsoyoufeelhelplessuntilyounoticethatthereis,offtotheright,asidetrackandattheendofthattrack,the

4、reisoneworkerworkingonthetrack.Yoursteeringwheelworks,soyoucanturnthetrolleycar,ifyouwantto,ontothesidetrackkillingtheonebutsparingthefive.Here'sourfirstquestion:what'stherightthingtodo?Whatwouldyoudo?Let'stakeapoll.Howmanywouldturnthetrolleycarontothesidetrack?Raiseyourhands.Howmanywouldn't?Howman

5、ywouldgostraightahead?Keepyourhandsupthoseofyouwhowouldgostraightahead.Ahandfulofpeoplewould,thevastmajoritywouldturn.Let'shearfirst,nowweneedtobegintoinvestigatethereasonswhyyouthinkit'stherightthingtodo.Let'sbeginwiththoseinthemajoritywhowouldturntogoontothesidetrack.Whywouldyoudoit?Whatwouldbeyo

6、urreason?Who'swillingtovolunteerareason?Goahead.Standup.Becauseitcan'tberighttokillfivepeoplewhenyoucanonlykillonepersoninstead.Itwouldn'tberighttokillfiveifyoucouldkillonepersoninstead.That'sagoodreason.That'sagoodreason.Whoelse?Doeseverybodyagreewiththatreason?Goahead.WellIwasthinkingit'sthesamer

7、easonon9/11withregardtothepeoplewhoflewtheplaneintothePennsylvaniafieldasheroesbecausetheychosetokillthepeopleontheplaneandnotkillmorepeopleinbigbuildings.Sotheprincipletherewasthesameon9/11.It'satragiccirc