基于信息系统规划的企业流程重组

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1、WhatistheRelationbetweenBPR&InformationTechnology?Hammer(1990)considersinformationtechnology(IT)asthekeyenablerofBPRwhichheconsidersas"radicalchange."HeprescribestheuseofITtochallengetheassumptionsinherentintheworkprocessesthathaveexistedsincelongbeforet

2、headventofmoderncomputerandcommunicationstechnology.Hearguesthatattheheartofreengineeringisthenotionof"discontinuousthinking--orrecognizingandbreakingawayfromtheoutdatedrulesandfundamentalassumptionsunderlyingoperations...Theserulesofworkdesignarebasedon

3、assumptionsabouttechnology,people,andorganizationalgoalsthatnolongerhold."Hesuggeststhefollowing"principlesofreengineering":(a)Organizearoundoutcomes,nottasks;(b)Havethosewhousetheoutputoftheprocessperformtheprocess;(c)Subsumeinformationprocessingworkint

4、otherealworkthatproducestheinformation;(d)Treatgeographicallydispersedresourcesasthoughtheywerecentralized;(e)Linkparallelactivitiesinsteadofintegratingtheirresults;(f)Putthedecisionpointwheretheworkisperformed,andbuildcontrolintotheprocess;and(g)Capture

5、informationonceandatthesource.Davenport&Short(1990)arguethatBPRrequirestakingabroaderviewofbothITandbusinessactivity,andoftherelationshipsbetweenthem.ITshouldbeviewedasmorethananautomatingormechanizingforce:tofundamentallyreshapethewaybusinessisdone.Busi

6、nessactivitiesshouldbeviewedasmorethanacollectionofindividualorevenfunctionaltasks:inaprocessviewformaximizingeffectiveness.ITandBPRhaverecursiverelationship.ITcapabilitiesshouldsupportbusinessprocesses,andbusinessprocessesshouldbeintermsofthecapabilitie

7、sITcanprovide.Davenport&Short(1990)refertothisbroadened,recursiveviewofITandBPRasthenewindustrialengineering.Businessprocessesrepresentanewapproachtocoordinationacrossthefirm;IT'spromise--anditsultimateimpact--istobethemostpowerfultoolforreducingthecosts

8、ofcoordination(Davenport&Short1990).Davenport&Short(1990)outlinethefollowingcapabilitiesthatreflecttherolesthatITcanplayinBPR:Transactional,Geographical,Automatical,Analytical,Informational,Sequential,KnowledgeManagement,T