城市综合体 浅谈城市综合体 26 原文

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1、四川大学本科毕业论文浅谈城市综合体26原文：DesignCriteriaforTallBuildingTheconstructionoftallbuildingsistheresultofurbanizationasseeninAmericasincethelatenineteenthcenturywhenthefistskyscraperswerebuilt.Theindustrializedsocietyattractsmorepeopletothecities,requiringmorespaceforofficesaswellasforhabitat

2、ion.Tallbuildings,however,requiretwobasictechnicalingredients.First,economicmethodofbuildingatallbuildingmustbefoundandsecond,areliableandeconomicmethodoftransportingpeopleverticallythroughthebuildingmustbeavailable.EventhoughtheOtiselevatorinthelate19thcenturyprovidedthelogicalans

3、wertoverticaltransportation,thestructurestillremainedaverysignificantdeterrenttobuildingverytallbuildings.ThepioneeringChicagoSchoolofArchitecturerefinedtheuseofbeam-columnframes,butstillrequiredhigh“premiumforheight”forbuildingstallerthansay20stories.Asaresult,buildingsbuiltupto19

4、20sweremostlybelowstories.Aheroicstepwastakenin1930whentheEmpireStateBuildingwasbuiltwithmoreorlessconventionalmethodofconstruction.Thiswasnoexampleofanyeconomicbreakthrough.FromthetimeofDepressioninthe30’shardlyanyhighriseconstructionwasundertaken.AfterWorldWarIIthesocioeconomicne

5、edsintheU.S.openedthewayformoretallerofficeandapartmentbuildings.But,thesebuildingscouldnolongerbedesignedinthesamemannerandproportionastheearlierbuildings,simplybecausetheconceptofunclutteredcolumn-freespace,theconceptofclimatecontrolandcommunicationinthebuildingshavedrasticallych

6、anged.Allthesechangesinattitudesbroughttheeraofanewarchitecture.Thenewdemandandchallengewastocreatetotalurbanenvironments.Withinthelastfewyears,researchonbuildingmaterialssuchasreinforcedconcreteandstructuralsteelhavemadegreatstridesandopenedhorizonsformoreefficientuseofthesemateri

7、als.Thestructuralengineersandarchitectsalsohavemetthechallengetofindefficientandeconomicalnewstructuralsystemsforvariousrangesandheightsofbuildingsgoingallthewaytowellover100stories.Consequently,theprocessofselectingastructuralsystemforatallbuildinghasbecomemorecomplicatedthaniteve

8、rwas.Structuralsystemappro