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1、TheElementsofPoetry诗歌基础知识PartⅠProsody格律学/诗学Prosodyisthestudyofsoundandrhythminpoetry.A.metre（格律）:Inlisteningtothehumanvoicewecanalwayshearthatsomewordsandsyllablesarestressedandthatothersunstressed.Whenthetressrecursatquiteregularintervals—thatis,whentherhythmhasapattern—theresul
2、tismeter.Metreismeasuredinfeet（韵节/音步）*Afootisabasicunitofrhythmintowhichalineofpoetryisdivided.B.Somebasicmetricalfeet基本格式*1.iambicfoot—（）抑扬格2.trochaic︱tr∂u´keiik︱~—扬抑格3.Spondaic︱spon´deiik︱foot——扬扬格4.Pyrrhic[´pirik]~抑抑格5.Anapaestic~抑抑扬格6.Dactylic︱dk´tilik︱~扬抑抑格C.LinelengthinEngl
3、ishpoetry:OnefootmonometerTwofeetdiameterThreefeettrimeter25FourfeettetrameterFivefeetpentameterSixfeethexameterSevenfeetHeptameterEightfeetOctameter*ThemostcommonlinelengthinEnglishPoetryispentameter.D.Stanza：adivisionofapoemintounitsofthesamenumberoflines,thesamemeter,andthesam
4、erhymescheme.quatrain(abab),couplet(astanzaoftwolines),octave(astanzaofeightlines),tercet(astanzaofthreelines)two-line~three-line~four-line~…E.Rhyme(end-rhyme,韵脚/尾韵)Therepetitionofthesimilarsoundattheendsofthelines.1.femininerhyme（阴韵）:Linesthatrhymebyusingunstressedfinalsyllables
5、.2.muscularrhyme（阳韵）：Linesthatrhymebyusingstressed.F.RhymeScheme:thepatternofrhymes.G.Caesura—anysignificantpausewithinaline.H.Scansion（格律分析）：（scanV.）Thesystematicanalysisofpatternsofstresses,syllablebysyllable,soundunitbysoundunit.Divisionintofeetissometimesarbitraryandthedistin
6、ctionbetween25stressedandunstressedisnotaverypreciseone,formanydegreesofstressarepossible.PartⅡVerseForms诗歌的韵式Agroupoflinesformingadivisioninapoemiscalledastanza.Traditionalstanzasarelinkedbyacommonrhymescheme—thepatternofrhymewords.A.Balladstanza民谣体B.blankverse无韵体C.Elegiacstanza
7、挽歌体D.Heroiccouplet英雄双行体E.Sonnet十四行诗1.Italiansonnet/Petrarchansonnet意大利十四行诗metricalfeetandLinelength:iambicpentameterRhymescheme:abba,abba,cdecdeabba,abba,cdeedcabba,abba,cdcdcd2.Englishsonnet/Shakespeareansonnet(threequatrains＋couplet)metricalfeetandlinelength:iambicpentameterRhy
8、mescheme:ababcdcdefefgg3.Spenseriansonne
