试析侵权法下归责原则体系的重构

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1、摘要人是社会关系中的重要主成部分，在社会生活之中，难免会存在摩擦与碰撞，致使损害在所难免。损害一旦发生，立法者必须制定一个合理的规则来分担损害。因民事权利或利益受到侵害而形成的损害由谁来承担的问题，是侵权责任法中的重要问题。本文从归责原则在体系中的内涵出发，分别找出在一元归责体系说、二元归责体系说、三元归责体系说和四元归责体系说中存在的问题，分析这些体系问题出现的原因，从而提出需从提升公平责任原则地位、平衡过错推定原则对当事人的利益，构建两大分支等方面来重构归责原则体系。关键词：归责原则；公平责任原则；重构；过错推定原则。Abstract:Humansarepartsoftheso

2、ciety,livinginthecommunity.Therefore,itinevitablyoccurdisagreementfictionandcollisionbetweenpeopleanddamageisunavoidable.Legislatorsmustsetupreasonablerulestoshareloseassoonasdamageisoccurred.Theserulesareimportantconditionsofliability.Whoisresponsiblefordamagecausedbyinfringedcivilrightsorint

3、erestsisanimportantissueintortliabilitylaw.Withthesocialdevelopmentandprogressofeconomy,sociallifehasbecomemorerichandcolorful;therefore,contradictionandfrictionismoreandmorevarious,partsofwhichhascausedsometortdamagebecomesmoredifficulttoprove,andthesituationthatcannotapplytheprincipleoffault

4、liabilityismoretoo.Weathertheprincipleofpresumptionbelongstothefaultliabilityprinciple?Thoughboththefaultliabilityprincipleandtheprincipleofpresumptionoffaultarefaultconditions,thefaultliabilityprincipleandtheprincipleofpresumptionoffaultarecomplementaryrelationshipbecauseoftheproofindifferent

5、ways,Theprincipleofpresumptionoffaultshouldnotbeaspecialformofthefaultliabilityprinciplebutshouldbeanindependentimputationprinciple.keywords:Principlesofattribution；Theprincipleofpresumptionoffault；Theburdenofproof；Damagetofill目录摘要iAbstractii引言1一、各归责原则的的涵义2（一）公平责任原则在归责体系中的民法底蕴2（二）过错原则在归责体系的内涵变

6、化2（三）过错推定原则的归责原理3（四）无过错责任原则的概念3二、原有归责原则的体系不足分析3（一）一元归责体系说的不足3（二）二元归责体系说的不足4（三）三元归责体系说的不足5（四）四元归责体系说的不足5三、归责原则体系的重构路径选择6（一）提升公平责任原则的位阶6（二）过错原则和无过错原则两大分支的划分7（三）过错推定原则对双方当事人的平衡利益7（四）从总体上看新三元体系的逻辑架构8结语9参考文献10致谢11contentsIntroduction..................................................................

7、.....................................................................1OnethemeaningofthePrinciplesofResponsibility........................................................................2(One)theprincipleofequitableliabilityincivillawhe