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1、HYDROLOGICALPROCESSESHydrol.Process.26,2866–2877(2012)Publishedonline7December2011inWileyOnlineLibrary(wileyonlinelibrary.com)DOI:10.1002/hyp.8361CharacteristicsofannualrunoffvariationinmajorriversofChina1,22*ShixiongHu2,31DonglongLi,WenshengWang,andYueqi
2、ngLi1InstituteofPlateauMeteorology,ChinaMeteorologicalAdministration,Chengdu,China2StateKeyLaboratoryofHydraulicsandMountainRiverEng.,SichuanUniversity,Chengdu,China3DepartmentofGeography,EastStroudsburgUniversityofPennsylvania,PA,USAAbstract:Thestatistic
3、alpropertiesofannualrunoffinmajorriversofChinaarestudiedbasedonthetheoryofstochasticprocessandtechnologyoftimeseriesanalysis.Thesepropertiesincludethecharacteristicsofintra-annualandinter-annualvariationsofrunoff,trends,abruptchangesandperiodicities.Thene
4、wfindingsfromtheintensivecalculationsandappropriateanalysisofdatainlongerperiodareasfollows:(i)comparedwiththenonuniformityofintra-annualrunoffbefore1980,thenonuniformityofintra-annualrunoffinChinagenerallydecreasedafter1980,exceptforHuaiheRiverandSonghuaR
5、iver;(ii)comparedwiththeannualrunoffbefore1980,theannualrunoffinChinagenerallydecreasedafter1980exceptforWangJiabastationinHuaiheRiverandHa-ErbinstationinSonghuaRiver;thefrequencyofcontinuouslowflowandcontinuoushighflowinHaiheRiverandthedownstreamofYellowRi
6、verishigherthanthoseinotherriversinChina;(iii)annualrunoffshowsadownwardtrendinmajorriversofChinaespeciallyinHaiheRiver,LiaoRiverandthemidstreamanddownstreamofYellowRiver;(iv)thereexistcertainabruptchangesofannualrunoffinmajorriversofChina;theabruptchange
7、-pointsaredifferentamongdifferentriverbasins;and(v)almostperiodicitiesofannualrunoffsequencesinmajorriversofChinaaregenerally20yearsbelow,thatis,3~7and12~20years.Thereasonsforthesechangesaremainlycausedbyclimatechangeandhumanactivities.Copyright©2011JohnW
8、iley&Sons,Ltd.KEYWORDSmajorriversinChina;annualrunoff;trends;abruptchanges;periodicities;StochasticanalysismethodReceived1July2011;Accepted12October2011INTRODUCTIONincreasingfrequencyandintensityofextremehydrologica
