本科美国文学The Literary History of the United States of America

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1、I.EnglishLiterature英国文学部分1.EnglishliteraturebeganwiththeAnglo-SaxonsettlementinEngland.“Beowulf”isthenationalepicoftheAnglo-SaxonandEnglishpeople.2.TheNormanConquest:TheFrenchspeakingNormansunderDukeWilliamcamein1066anddefeatedtheEnglish,thusWilliamwascrown

2、edasKingofEngland.3.TheRomance:ThemostprevalentkindofliteratureinfeudalEngland.Thecentralcharacterofromanceswastheknight,amanofnoblebirth,whowasknownforhischivalry.4.Theballads(民谣，民歌):themostimportantdepartmentofEnglishfolkliteratureistheballad.Aballadisast

3、orytoldinsong,usuallyin4-linestanzas,withthesecondandthefourthlinesrhymed.Forexample,theRobinHoodBallads.5.GeoffreyChaucer,thefounderofEnglishpoetry,wasbornin1340,anddiedin1400.HewasburiedinWestminsterAbbey,thusfoundingthe“Poet’sCorner”.“TheCanterburytales”

4、(1387—1400)isChaucer’smasterpieceandoneofthemonumentalworksinEnglishliterature.6.TheEnglishRenaissance:ThomasMore(1478—1535)andhis“Utopia”;the“poet’spoetoftheEnglishRenaissancewasEdmundSpenser(1552-90)whosemasterpieceis“ThefaerieQueene”.Iftheimaginativepowe

5、rsofliterarycreationofEnglishrenaissancefoundtheirexpressioninthepoetryofSpenserandthedramaofShakespeare,theintellectualenergyofthisageshoweditselfintheachievementofFrancisbacon(1561-1626).1.WilliamShakespeare(1564-1616):theliterarygiantoftheEnglishRenaissa

6、nce.Hisfamouscomedies:(1)AMid-SummerNight’sDream(2)ThemerchantofVenice(3)TwelfthNight(4)All’sWellthatEndsWell.Hisfamoustragedies:(1)RomeoandJuliet(2)Hamlet(3)KingLear(4)MacbethShakespearealsowrote154sonnets.2.The17thCenturyLiterature----JohnMilton(1608—1674

7、):“ParadiseLost”1.The18thCenturyLiteratureTheEnlightenmentinEurope:The18thcenturymarkedthebeginningofanintellectualmovementinEuropeknownastheEnlightenment.Itwas,onthewhole,anexpressionofstruggleofthebourgeoisiesagainstfeudalism.Theenlightenersfoughtagainstc

8、lassinequality,stagnation,prejudicesandothersurvivalsoffeudalism.Theyattemptedtoplaceallbranchesofscienceattheserviceofmankind.2.ClassicismintheEnglishliterature:Theclassicistsmodeledthemselvesafterthe