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1、MechanicalEngineeringEnglishLesson1ModernManufacturingEngineeringA．WhatIsManufacturingMaybeyou’veneverthoughtaboutitbefore,butitisallaroundyou.Itaffectseverypartofyourlife.Whatisit?Inthiscase,“it”ismanufacturing.Actually“manufacturing”isnotallaroundyou.Butmanufact
2、uredproductsare.Lookaroundyourightnow.Namesomethingsyouseethatweremanufactured.Chairs,notebooks,bluejeans,books,floortile,chalkboards,lightbulbs,pencils,eyeglasses—nearlyeverythingaroundyouwasmanufactured.Themanufacturingindustryisimportanttooursociety.It’sessenti
3、altooureconomy.Aneconomyisasystemforproducinganddistributingproductsandservices.Manypeopleworkinmanufacturing.Theyhelpproduceproducts.Andtheybuyproductswiththemoneytheyearn.Themoreproductspeoplebuy,themoreproductsaremanufactured.Andthisallowsmorepeopletowork.Manuf
4、acturingisalsoimportanttotheeconomyinanotherway.Apieceofmaterialisworthmoreafterit’sbeenchangedintoausefulproduct.That’saddedvalue.Valueisincreasedbythemanufacturingprocess.B.ModernManufacturingAmanufacturingindustryneedsthreebasictypesofresources:Materialresource
5、s,Humanresources,Capitalresources.Theelementsofindustryaresevenkeystepsfororganizingproduction:ResearchandDevelopment,ProductionTooling,ProductionPlanningandControl,QualityControl,PersonnelManagement,Manufacturing,Marketing.R&Distheplanningofnewproducts,processes,
6、ormaterialsandtheimprovementofoldskill.R&Dissuchalarge,importantpartoftheindustrialworldandrequiresmanypeoplewithdifferenttalents.ProductionToolingistheelementofindustryconcernedwiththesetools.ThePTobtainsthetools,machines,andequipmentneededtomakeaproduct.Themosti
7、mportantpartsofProductionPlanningandControlarerouting,scheduling,dispatching,andplanlayout.Themachineryandequipmentmustbearrangedsothatproductioncantakeplacesmoothly,withoutwastedtimeandeffort.QualityControlcanbedefinedasthoseactivitieswhichpreventdefectivearticle
8、s.Inthiswaymanagementtriestoinsurethataproductwillbeacceptabletothebuyer.Marketingistheprocessofgettingproductsfromthosewhomakethemtothosewhousethemandi
