〖西南大学〗2019年[0174]《欧洲文化入门》大作业（资料）内附答案

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1、【西南大学】[0174]《欧洲文化入门》试卷总分:100得分:100第1题,【解释题】29.Humanism正确答案:29.Humanismisaphilosophicalandethicalstancethatemphasizesthevalueandagencyofhumanbeings,individuallyandcollectively,andaffirmstheirabilitytoimprovetheirlivesthroughtheuseofreasonandingenuityasopposedtosubmittingblindl

2、ytotraditionandauthorityorsinkingintocrueltyandbrutality.Thetermwascoinedin1808bytheearlynineteenthcenturyGermaneducationalreformerandtheologianFriedrichNiethammerandgraduallyadoptedintoEnglish.NiethammerhadwishedtointroduceintoGermaneducationthehumanevaluesofancientGreeceand

3、Rome.第2题,【解释题】26.TheCrusades正确答案:26.referencetotext-bookpp99-100TheCrusadeswereaseriesofreligiouswarssanctionedbytheLatinChurchinthemedievalperiod,especiallythecampaignsintheEasternMediterraneanwiththeaimofrecoveringtheHolyLandfromIslamicrule.Theterm"crusades"isalsoappliedtoo

4、thercampaignssanctionedbytheChurch,foughttocombatpaganismandheresyortoresolveconflictamongrivalRomanCatholicgroups,ortogainpoliticalorterritorialadvantage.Thetermcrusadesitselfisearlymodern,modelledonMiddleLatincruciatae,andhasinmorerecenttimesbeenextendedtoincludereligiously

5、motivatedChristianmilitarycampaignsintheLateMiddleAges.ThecrusadeshadaprofoundimpactonWesterncivilisation:theyreopenedtheMediterraneantocommerceandtravel(enablingGenoaandVenicetoflourish);consolidatedthecollectiveidentityoftheLatinChurchunderpapalleadership;andwereawellspring

6、foraccountsofheroism,chivalryandpiety.Thesetalesconsequentlygalvanisedmedievalromance,philosophyandliterature.ThecrusadesalsoreinforcedtheconnectionbetweenWesternChristendom,feudalism,andmilitarism.第3题,【解释题】20.Virgil正确答案:20.referencetotext-bookp44.PubliusVergiliusMaro(Classic

7、alLatin:[ˈpuː.blɪ.ʊswɛrˈɡɪ.lɪ.ʊsˈma.roː];traditionaldatesOctober15,70BC–September21,19BC),usuallycalledVirgilorVergil/ˈvɜːrdʒᵻl/inEnglish,wasanancientRomanpoetoftheAugustanperiod.HewrotethreeofthemostfamouspoemsinLatinliterature,theEclogues(orBucolics),theGeorgics,andtheepicA

8、eneid.Anumberofminorpoems,collectedintheAppendixVergiliana,aresometi