西南大学网络教育2018年春[0174]《欧洲文化入门》答案

《西南大学网络教育2018年春[0174]《欧洲文化入门》答案》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。

1、主观题1、29.Humanism参考答案：29.Humanism isa philosophical and ethical stancethatemphasizesthevalueand agency of humanbeings,individuallyandcollectively,andaffirmstheirabilitytoimprovetheirlivesthroughtheuseof reason andingenuityasopposedtosubmittingblindlytotra

2、ditionandauthorityorsinkingintocrueltyandbrutality.Thetermwascoinedin1808bytheearlynineteenthcenturyGermaneducationalreformerandtheologian FriedrichNiethammer andgraduallyadoptedintoEnglish.NiethammerhadwishedtointroduceintoGermaneducationthe humanevalue

3、sofancientGreeceandRome. 2、26.The Crusades参考答案：26.referencetotext-bookpp99-100 The Crusades wereaseriesof religiouswars sanctionedbythe LatinChurch inthe medievalperiod,especiallythecampaignsinthe EasternMediterranean withtheaimofrecoveringthe HolyLand f

4、rom Islamicrule.Theterm"crusades"isalsoappliedtoothercampaignssanctionedbytheChurch,foughttocombat paganism and heresy ortoresolveconflictamongrivalRomanCatholicgroups,ortogainpoliticalorterritorialadvantage.Thetermcrusades itselfisearlymodern,modelledon

5、MiddleLatin cruciatae,andhasinmorerecenttimesbeenextendedtoincludereligiouslymotivatedChristianmilitarycampaignsinthe LateMiddleAges.ThecrusadeshadaprofoundimpactonWesterncivilisation:theyreopenedthe Mediterranean tocommerceandtravel(enabling Genoa and V

6、enice toflourish);consolidatedthecollectiveidentityoftheLatinChurchunderpapalleadership;andwereawellspringforaccountsofheroism, chivalry andpiety.Thesetalesconsequentlygalvanised medievalromance, philosophy and literature.Thecrusadesalsoreinforcedtheconn

7、ectionbetweenWesternChristendom, feudalism,and militarism.3、20.Virgil参考答案：20.referencetotext-bookp44.PubliusVergiliusMaro (ClassicalLatin: [ˈpuː.blɪ.ʊswɛrˈɡɪ.lɪ.ʊsˈma.roː];traditionaldatesOctober15,70BC–September21,19BC),usuallycalled Virgil or Vergil /ˈ

8、vɜːrdʒᵻl/ inEnglish,wasan ancientRoman poetoftheAugustanperiod.Hewrotethreeofthemostfamouspoemsin Latinliterature,the Eclogues (or Bucolics),the Georgics,andthe epic Aeneid.Anumberofminorpoems,collectedinthe AppendixVergil