Session 3 The psychology of SLA(1)

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1、Session3ThePsychologyofSLA（1）1.LanguageandthebrainlLanguageactivityisnotlocalized,butcorelinguisticprocessesaretypicallyhousedinthelefthemisphere(p.68).“…nolongerexpectthattherearelanguageareasthatareentirely‘responsibleforlanguage...”(Obler&Gjerlow1999).lThecriti

2、calperiodhypothesis(Lenneberg1967):Brainplasticityinchildhoodwouldallowotherareasofthebraintotakeoverthelanguagefunctionsofthedamagedareas,butbeyondacertainage,normallanguagewouldnotbepossible.Table4.1Principalcommunicativespecializationsofleftandrighthemispheres(

3、p.69)LefthemisphereRighthemispherePhonologyNonverbal(asbabies’cries)MorphologyVisuospatialinformationSyntaxIntonationFunctionwordsandinflectionsNonliteralmeaningandambiguityTonesystemsManypragmaticabilitiesMuchlexicalknowledgeSomelexicalknowledgelResearchinterests

4、:1)Howindependentarethelanguagesofmutilingualspeakers?Tentativeanswer:Multiplelanguagesystemsareneithercompletelyseparatenorcompletelyfused.2)Howaremultiplelanguagestructuresorganizedinrelationtooneanotherinthebrain?Arebothlanguagesstoredinthesameareas?Tentativean

5、swer:L1andL2arestoredinsomewhatdifferentareasofthebrain,butbothpredominantlyinareasofthelefthemisphere.However,therighthemispheremightbemoreinvolvedinL2thaninL1.3)DoestheorganizationofthebrainforL2inrelationtoL1differwithageofacquisition,thewayitislearned,andlevel

6、ofproficiency?Tentativeanswer:Probablyyes.A)AgeofacquisitioninfluencesbrainorganizationformanyL2learners.ThereisevidencethatindividualswhoacquireL2laterinlifeshowmoreright-hemisphereinvolvement.B)“…secondlanguagemaybelearntbymanymeansratherthanthesinglemeansfoundi

7、nL1acquisitionand,consequently,mayhaveagreaterapparenthemisphericspread.”(Cook1992).C)ProbablytheorganizationofL2knowledgeismorediffuseforlowerlevelsofproficiencyandmorecompactforhighlyfluentL2users.4)Dotwoormorelanguagesshowthesamesortoflossordisruptionafterbrain

8、damage?Whenthereisdifferentialimpairmentorrecovery,whichlanguagerecoversfirst?Tentativeanswer:Braindamageresultsinthesameorverysimilarpatternsoflossandr