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1、Lesson3FromMorphemetoPhraseAgrammaticalunit:morpheme,word,phrase,clause,sentenceⅠ.Morpheme1.Whatismorpheme?2.TypesofmorphemesⅡ.Word1.Whatisword?2.Characteristicsofword3.ClassificationofwordsⅢ.Morphology1.Whatismorphology?2.Twofieldsofmorphology2.1Inflectionalmorphology2.2Derivat
2、ionalmorphologyⅣ.LexicalchangeMethodsoflexicalchangeⅠ.MorphemeWhatismorpheme?Thesmallestunitoflanguageintermsofrelationshipbetweenexpressionandcontent,aunitthatcannotbefurtherdividedintosmallerunitswithoutdestroyingordrasticallyalteringthemeaning,whetheritislexicalorgrammatical.
3、TypesofmorphemesMorphemeFreemorpheme=freerootBoundmorphemeBoundrootAffixDerivationalInflectionalPrefixSuffixFreevs.BoundmorphemesFreemorphemes:thosethatmayconstitutewordsbythemselves,egboy,girl,table,nation.Boundmorphemes:thosethatcannotoccuralone,eg-s,-ed,dis-,un-.Allmonomorphe
4、micwordsarefreemorphemes.Polymorphemicwordswhichconsistwhollyoffreemorphemesarecompounds:paymaster,moonwalk,babysit,godfather,sunflower.Rootroot:thebaseformofawordthatcannotbefurtheranalyzedwithouttotallossofidentity,egfriendasinunfriendliness.Rootsmaybefree:thosethatcanstandbyt
5、hemselves,egblack+board;nation+-al;orbound:thosethatcannotstandbythemselves,eg-ceiveinreceive,perceive,conceive;remit,submit,permit,commitretain,contain,maintainincur,recur,occur.AfewEnglishrootsmayhavebothfreeandboundvariants:sleep,slept,child,childrenStem:amorphemeorcombinatio
6、nofmorphemestowhichaninflectionalaffixmaybeadded,egfriend+-s;write+-ing,possibility+-es.Base:amorphemetowhichanaffixisadded.Abaseisanyformtowhichaffixesofanykindcanbeadded;aformtowhicharuleofword-formationisapplied.Anyrootorstemcanbeabase,desirableisabaseinundesirable,internatio
7、nisabaseininternational.friendroot>basefriendlyroot/base+suffix>baseunfriendlyprefix+base>baseunfriendlinessbase+suffix>base?AffixAffix:thetypeofformativethatcanbeusedonlywhenaddedtoanothermorpheme.Normallydividedinto:derivationalaffixandinflectionalaffix.Derivation:combinationo
8、fabaseandanaffixtoformanewword,egfriend+-ly>fri
