College English (4-3)大学英语精读第四册

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1、Unit3:WhyDoWeBelieveThattheEarthIsRound(我们为什么相信地球是圆的？)IntroductoryRemarks“WhyDoWeBelieveThattheEarthIsRound”isoneofaseriesofshortessaysOrwellwroteforBritishperiodicalsinthe1940’s.InithefirsttriestorefuteboththeFlatEarththeoryandOvalEarththeorybutsaysthathisreasonsforthinkingth

2、attheearthisroundareratherweakandprecarious.Thenfromthediscussionhedrawshisconclusionthatoursisacredulousagebecausemuchofourknowledgedoesnotrestonreasoningoronexperiment,butonauthority.HereOrwellexpressesahealthyconcernfortheburdentheordinarynewspaper-readingcitizencarries.Ove

3、rloadedwithinformationandmisinformation,theaveragemancannotadequatelyprocessanddigestwhathereceives.Heisapttoacceptwhathehearsorreadsastruewithoutsubmittingittofactualverificationorthetestofreason.Manshouldrespecttheviewsoftrueexperts,butheshouldtesttheirtheories,andcomparedif

4、ferentviewpointsinordertoarriveatatruerperspective.Then,andonlythen,canmantrulybecomeanintelligentthinkingspeciesPrefaceprove(vt.)证明,证实prove+noun:Hehasprovedhiscourageinbattle.prove+adj.:Thearticlehasprovedmostuseful.16provetobe…:Theplayprovedtobeverygood.prove+thatclause:Iwil

5、lprove(totheworld)thathewasright.goahead(vi.):Goahead,please.goaheadwithsth:Goaheadwithyourplan.relyon=dependonsense(C):理性(pl.)感觉drawon吸收,利用=takeadvantageof=makeuseofLines1–13some…or…other某一…e.g.:somewhereorother在某个地方;somedayorother(未来)某一天;(in)somewayorother(以)某种方法;Hewenttosom

6、eplaceorother.他去了某个地方.preface(to):introduction(to)(文章或书的)序言;引言SaintJoan“圣女贞德”BernardShaw肖伯纳(Englishdramatist)remark(v.&n.):say;commentgullible(adj.):credulous易轻信的;易受骗的gull(vt.):cheat;deceivee.g.:Gull(=deceive/cheat)afooloutofhismoney骗取傻子的钱gull(n.):apersonwhoiseasilydeceived易受欺

7、骗的人superstitious(adj.)迷信的superstition(U)theMiddleAges(欧洲)中世纪credulity(U)易轻信;易受骗credulous(adj.)incredulity(U);incredulous(adj.)=unbelievable16cite(vt.)引用,引证e.g.:Thelawyercitedapreviouscasetosupporthisargument.average(=ordinary)man普通人advance:putforth;putorbringforward提出e.g.:Mary

8、istooshytoadvanceheropinionatthemeeting.notasingle(强调否定)一个也没有