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1、EdgarAllanPoe（1809-1849）埃德加艾伦坡Generalintroduction:EdgarAllanPoewasborninBostonin1809,thechildofstrugglingtravelingactors.Bothofhisparentsdiedwithintwoyearsafterhisbirth.EdgarwastakenintothehomeofJohnAllan,amerchantofRichmond,Virginia,whosenamePoelateraddedto
2、hisown.ForabriefperiodPoewashappywiththeAllanfamily,butfrictionsoonbegantodevelopbetweentheboyandhisfosterfather.PoeenteredtheUniversityofVirginia,butleftashorttimelaterbecausehewouldnotentertheprofessionoflawasAllanwished.Afterabriefenlistmentifthearty,Poea
3、cceptedanappointmenttoWestPoint,whichAllanhadhelpedtoarrange.Poe14wasdischargedlessthanayearlater,in1831,forreasonsthatarestillnotcompletelyclear.ThisepisodemarkedthefinalbreakbetweenPoeandtheAllans.ForatimehelivedinBaltimorewithhisfather’ssister,Mrs.MariaCl
4、emm,andherdaughterVirginia.Hehadalreadypublishedtwovolumesofpoemsathisownexpense,buthadmadenomoneyandlittlereputationfromthem.Whenhewonacontestwithhisstory“Ms.FoundinaBottle”in1833,theSouthernnovelistJohnPendletonKennedyhelpedhimgetajobaseditorwiththeSouther
5、nLiteraryMessengerinRichmond.Poelostthepositionbecauseofexcessivedrinkingandaninabilitytomeetdeadlines,buthemanagedtoregainthejobin1835.Confidentofasecurepositionandasteadyincome,Poethenmarriedhis14youngcousin,VirginiaClemm.InhispostontheMessenger,Poeshowedh
6、istruetalentsasaneditor,apoet,aliterarycritic,andawriteroffiction.Heremainedforovertwoyears,improvingthemagazineandbuildingitscirculationenormously.Thenhequitsuddenlyin1837,partlybecausehefeltthathissalarywasfartoolow.WithhisfamilyhesetouttotryhisluckinNewYo
7、rkandPhiladelphia.Forseveralyearshedrifted.HewaseneditoratvarioustimesofGraham’smagazine,twonewspapers,andBurton’sGentleman’sMagazine(where“TheFalloftheHouseofUsher”《厄舍大厦的倒塌》firstappeared).Theyearsfrom1837to1845werehard,yetinspiteofshiftingjobsandchronicpove
8、rty,Poemanagedtowritesomeofhismostfamous14storiesduringthisperiod.Hisfirstcollectionofshortshotires,TalesoftheGrotesqueandArabesque,(述异集)apperedin1840.TheRavenwaspublishedin1845asthetitlepoemofa
