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1、07.16Thebestandworststatesforsmallbusiness 小本生意的旺市与淡市Redtapeblues 繁文缛节让人忧郁Smallbusinessesfretlessabouttaxesthanover-regulation 小本生意担心监管过度问题多过税收IANTONER,anarchitectinPhiladelphia,recentlywenttocityofficesforapermittobuildastoopforaclient'shome.Thecity,helearned,hadjustimposednewr
2、equirements:hewouldhavetogetmapsfromgas,electric,waterandotherutilitiestoensurethestoopwouldnotdisturbtheirundergroundlinesandthenresubmithisapplication.Aprocesshethoughtwouldtakeadaytookmorethantwoweeks. 最近,费城建筑师伊恩·托纳前往市政府办公室为其客户获得房屋门廊建设许可证。伊恩了解到,费城刚刚颁布了新的要求:申请者得提交天然气、电气、水气等公司的
3、地图,确保门廊不会影响地下线,然后重新提交申请。他原本以为这个过程只需花费一天,而事实上却花了大概两个礼拜。That'snotall.Othernewrulesrequirethatheprovethathisbuilderhasgeneralliability,workers'compensationandcarinsurance,andhaspaidallhistaxes.Fourtimesayearhemustsetasideahalfdaytoensureheispayingthestate'sandcity'smyriadtaxescorre
4、ctly.MrTonerdoesn'tquestiontheneedforrulesandtaxes;whatgallshimisthetimeandhassleinvolvedincomplyingwiththem.“Theinformationexistsallovertheplaceandtheburdenisonmenotjusttogatheritbutinterpretit.I'mnotgoingtoleaveherebecauseofthis,butthey'reallthingsthatcouldturnapersonoffofcomi
5、nghere.” 这还不是全部的。其他新的条例要求,申请者还要证明建筑工人享有责任保险、劳工补偿以及汽车保险,并且全部交过税。一年四次,他得留出半天时间来确保他准确支付了州政府以及市政度各种繁杂的税。托纳先生并不是在纠结这些条例和税收的必要性;让他觉得受到羞辱的是遵守背后所花费的时间与麻烦。“信息随处可见,我所承受的压力不仅仅是去收集这些信息,更多的是去解释。我不打算因为这个就离开,但是那些却是阻碍人们来此的力量。”America'sstatesandcitieshavetraditionallytriedtoattractbusinessesbyof
6、feringthemtaxbreaksandothercashincentives.Yettheremaybeamoreeffectiveway,andonewhichputsnostrainonstretchedbudgets:makelifesimpler. 沿袭传统,美国的州和城市通过税收减免政策和其他的现金奖励措施来尽量吸引招商。但是,或许还有另外一种更有效的方法,不对紧张的预算施压,即生活更简单。Thumbtack,awebsitethatmatchescustomerstobusinesses,andtheKauffmanFoundatio
7、n,athink-tank,asksthousandsofsmallbusinessesannuallyaboutlocalrequirementsforhiring,regulations,zoning,licences,healthinsuranceandtraining.Theyhaveenoughdatatocompile(somewhatsubjective)“businessclimate”gradesfor38statesand82cities. 美国一家本地服务网上交易市场—Thumbtack(图钉),以及发挥智囊团作用的考夫曼基金会每
8、年会向成百上千小本生意打听情况,询问当地对于招聘、规章制度、分区制、健康保险以及上岗培训的一些